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ARNULF (c. 850-899)

AROIDEAE (Arum family)

ARPEGGIO (from Ital. arpeggiare, to play upon the harp)

ARPI (Gr. 'ApybpLaaa)

ARPINO (anc. Arpinum)

ARQUEBUS (also called harquebus, hackbut, &c.)

ARRAIGNMENT (from Lat. ad, to, and rationare, to reason, call to account)

ARRANT (a variant of " errant," from Lat. errare, to wander)

ARRAY (from the O. Fr. areyer, Med. Lat. arredare, to get ready)

ARRENOTOKY ARRENOTOKOUS (from Gr. 1£pp17v, male, and ToKOS, from TGKTELY, to beget)

ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

ARRETIUM (mod. Arezzo)

SVANTE AUGUST ARRHENIUS (1859– )

ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

ARRIS (Fr. areste, or arete)

ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

ARROYO (O. Sp. arrogio, Lat. arrogium, a rivulet or stream)

DUKE PHILIPPE DE CROY ARSCHOT

ARSENIC (symbol As, atomic weight 75.0)

ARSENIUS (c. 354-450)

ARSENIUS AUTORIANUS (13th century)

ARSES (338-336)

ARSINOITHERIUM (so called from the Egyptian queen Arsinoe)

ARSON (from Lat. ardere, to burn)

ARTA (Narda, i.e. iv "Ap&a, or Zarta, i,e. eis "Apra)

GULF OF ARTA (anc. Sinus Ambracius)

PETER ARTEDI (17o5-1735)

ARTEL (Russ. for " gang ")

ARTEMISIA (159o-1642)

ARTEMON (fl. c. A.D. 230)

ARTERIES (Gr. ap-rnpia, probably from a"spew, to raise, but popularly connected by the ancients with ai7P, air)

JACOB VAN ARTEVELDE (c. 1290-1345)

PHILIP VAN ARTEVELDE (c. 1340-1382)

ARTHRITIS (from Gr. apOpov, a joint)

ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)

CHESTER ALAN ARTHUR (1830 – 1886)

ARTHURIAN LEGEND

ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

ARTICULATION (from Lat. articulare, to divide into joints)

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

ARTIODACTYLA (from Gr. &prws, even, and SatcrVJws, a finger or toe, "even-toed")

TYLOPODA PECORA ARTIODACTYLA

ARTISAN, or ARTIZAN

ARTS AND CRAFTS

GIOVANNI MARIA ARTUSI

ARU ISLANDS (Dutch Aroe)

EARLDOM OF ARUNDEL

EARLS OF ARUNDEL

THOMAS ARUNDEL (1353-1414)

1ST BARON THOMAS ARUNDELL ARUNDELL OF WARDOUR (c. 1562-1639)

ARUSIANUS MESSIUS, or MESSUS

ARVAL BROTHERS (Fratres Arvales)

PETER CHRISTEN ASBJORNSEN (1812–1885)

FRANCIS ASBURY (1745–1816)

FEAST OF THE ASCENSION

ROGER ASCHAM (c. 1515-1568)

ASCITANS (or AserTAE; from ao l's, the Greek for a wine-skin)

ASCITES (Gr. aaKLTl7s, dropsical, from a.QKOS, bag; sc. v6aos, disease)

GRAZIADIO ISAIA ASCOLI (1829–1907)

QUINTUS ASCONIUS PEDIANUS (g B.C.—A.D. 76; or A.D. 3-88)

ASCUS (Gr. &vu5s, a bag)

ASELLI [ASELLIus, or AsELLIO], GASPARO (1581–1626)

JOHN ASGILL (1659–1738)

JOHN ASHBURNHAM (c. 1603-1671)

ALEXANDER BARING ASHBURTON

1ST JOHN DUNNING ASHBURTON

TURNER ASHBY (1824-1862)

WILLIAM JAMES ASHLEY (186o- )

ELIAS ASHMOLB (1617-1692)

ASHRAP (SHUREFA, SHERIFS)

LENA ASHWELL (1872— )

ASIENTO, or ASSIENTO (from the verb asentar, to place, or establish)

ASISIUM (mod. Assisi)

ASKABAD, or ASKHABAD

ASKAULES (Gr. ewKauXrls [?] from avxor, bag, ai'Xos, pipe)

ROBERT ASKE (d. 1537)

ASMONEUS, or ASAMONAEUS (so Josephus)

ASOLO (anc. Acelum)

ASOR (Hebr. for " ten ")

ASP ( Vipera aspis)

ASPENDUS (mod. Balkis Kale , or, more anciently in the native language, ESTVEDYS (whence the adjective Estvedijys on coins)

HANS ASPER (1499-171)

ASPERGES (" thou wilt sprinkle," from the Latin verb aspergere)

ASPHALT, or ASPHALTUM

ASPHODEL (Asphodelus)

ASPHYXIA (Gr. a- priv., a fn ts, a pulse)

ASPIC (French, from Lat..aspis)

ASPIROTRICHACEAE (O. Biitschli)

MANUEL DE ASPIROZ (1836–1905)

HERBERT HENRY ASQUITH (1852– )

ASS (O.E. assa; Lat. asinus)

FEAST OF THE ASS

OTTAVIO GIOVANNI BATTISTA ASSAROTTI (1753-1829)

ASSARY, or ASSARION

ASSASSIN (properly Hashish n, from Hashish, the opiate made from the juice of hemp leaves)

ASSAULT (from Lat. ad, to or on, and saltare, to leap)

ASSEGAI, or ASSAGAI (from Berber-Arab as-zahayah, through Portuguese azagaia)

HANS ASSELIJN (1610-166o)

UNLAWFUL ASSEMBLY

ASSER, or ASSERIUS MENEVENSIS (d. c. 910)

ASSESSMENT (from Lat. assessare, to sit beside, to judge)

ASSESSOR (Lat. assessare, assidere, to sit by)

ASSETS (from the O. Nor. Fr. assetz, mod. Fr. asset, " enough")

ASSIDEANS (the Anglicized form, derived through the Greek, of the Hebrew Jlasidim, " the pious ")

ASSIGNATS (from Lat. assignatus, assigned)

ASSIGNEE ASSIGNATION ASSIGNMENT

ASSINIBOIN (" Stone-Cookers ")

ASSISE (from the Fr., derived from Lat. assidere, to sit beside)

ASSISI (anc. Asisium)

ASSIUT, or SLUT

ASSOCIATE (Lat. associates, from ad, to, and sociare to join)

ASSOCIATION OF IDEAS, or MENTAL ASSOCIATION

ASSUMPSIT (" he has undertaken," from Lat. assumere)

FEAST OF ASSUMPTION

ASSUR (Auth. Vera. Asshur)

ASSUS [mod. Behram]

GEORG ANTON FRIEDRICH AST (1778-1841)

MARY ASTELL (1668-1731)

ASTER (Gr. /MrTI P, a star)

ASTERISK (from Gr. oo-repicreos, a little star)

ASTHMA (Gr. avBµa, gasping, whence lio-Ogaivw, I gasp for breath)

ASTI (anc. Hasta)

BARON JACOB ASTLEY ASTLEY (1579-1652)

SIR JOHN DIIGDALB ASTLEY

ANTHONY ASTON (fl. 1712-1731)

JOHN JACOB ASTOR (1763-1848)

EMANUELE ASTORGA

ASTRAGAL (from the Gr. ao-rpbyaXos, the ankle-joint)

ASTROLABE (from Gr. liar pop, star, and Aa(3eiv, to take)

ASTRONOMY (from Gr. &arpov, a star, and v ,usiv, to classify or arrange)

ASTROPALIA (classical Astypalaea)

JEAN ASTRUC (1684-1766)

ASUNCION (NUESTRA SENORA DE LA ASUNCION)

ASYLUM (from Gr. b.-, privative, arid earl, right'of seizure)

RIGHT OF ASYLUM (Fr. droit d'asile; Ger. Asylrecht)

DESERT OF ATACAMA

ATAHUALLPA (atahu, Lat. virtus, and allpa, sweet)

ATAULPHUS (the Latinized form of the Gothic Ataulf, " Father-wolf," from atta, father, and vulfs, wolf; mod. Germ. Adolf, Latinized as Adolphus, the form used by Gibbon for the subject of this article)

ATAVISM (from Lat. atavus, a great-great-great-grandfather or ancestor)

ATBARA (Bahr-el-Aswad, or Black River)

ATELLANAE FABULAE (" Atellan fables ")

ATESTE (mod. Este, q.v.)

ATHABASCA (Athapescow), or ELK

ATHALARIC (516-534)

ATHANAGILD (d. $47)

ATHANARIC (d. 381)

ATHANASIUS (293-373)

ATHEISM (from Gr. as, privative, and Oebs, God)

ATHELM (d. 923)

ATHELSTAN (c. 894-940)

ATHENA (the Attic form of the Homeric Athene, also called Athenaia, Pallas Athene, Pallas)

modem colloquial Greek `Ath va] Athenae ATHENS ['AN vat

WILLIAM GUYBON ATHERSTONE (1813-1898)

ATHERTON, or CHOWBENT

ATHETOSIS (Gr. seers, " without place ")

JOSEPH ATHIAS (d. 1700)

ATHLETE (Gr. aOX177'7r; Lat. athleta)

ATHLETIC SPORTS

EARLS AND DUKES OF ATHOLL

ATHOLL, or ATHOLE

ATHOS (Gr. "Aytov "Opos; Turk. Aineros; Ital. Monte Santo)

ATHY (pronounced Athy)

ATITLAN, or SANTIAGO DE ATITLAN

EDWARD ATKINSON (1827—1905)

SIR HARRY ALBERT ATKINSON (1831—1892)

ATLANTIS, ATALANTIS, or ATLANTICA

ATLAS MOUNTAINS

ATMOLYSIS (Gr. arµos, vapour: XGecv, to loosen)

ATMOSPHERE (Gr. fir µ6r, vapour; orkaipa, a sphere)

ATMOSPHERIC ELECTRICITY

ATMOSPHERIC RAILWAY

ATOLL (native name atollon in the Maldive Islands)

ATOM (Gr. &rows, indivisible, from a- privative, and TE,aPfw, to cut)

ATRIUM (either from ater, black, referring to the blackening of the walls from the smoke of the hearth, or from the Greek aiOpeov, open to the sky, or from an Etruscan town, Atria, where the style of building is supposed to have originated)

ATROPHY (Gr. It- priv., rpo4, nourishment)

TITUS QUINCTIUS ATTA

ATTACAPA (Choctaw for " cannibal ")

ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)

WRIT OF ATTAINT

ATTAR [or OTTO] OF ROSES (Pers. 'atar, essence)

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

PER DANIEL AMADEUS ATTERBOM (1790-1855)

FRANCIS ATTERBURY (1662-1732)

ATTESTATION (Lat. adtestare, attestare, to bear witness, testis, a witness)

ATTHIS (an adjective meaning " Attic ")

ATTIC (i.e. "in the Attic style ")

TIBERIUS CLAUDIUS ATTICUS HERODES (c. A.D. 101-177)

TITUS POMPONIUS ATTICUS (109–32 B.c.)

ATTILA (d. 453)

ATTORNEY (from O. Fr. atorne, a person appointed to act for another, from atourner, legal Lat. attornare, attorn, literally to turn over to another or commit business to another)

ATTORNMENT (from Fr. tourner, to turn)

ATTRITION (Lat. attritio, formed from atterere, to rub away)

THOMAS ATTWOOD (1765-1838)

THOMAS ATTWOOD (1783-1856)

GEORGE ATWOOD (1746-1807)

AUBADE (a French word from aube, the dawn)

DANIEL FRANCOIS ESPRIT AUBER (1782-1871)

AUBERGINE (diminutive of Fr. auberge, a variant of alberge, a kind of peach), or EGG PLANT (Solanum melongena, var. ovigerum)

ABBE FRANCOIS HEDELIN AUBIGNAC

CONSTANT AUBIGNE

JEAN HENRI MERLE AUBIGNE

THEODORE AGRIPPA AUBIGNE

JOHN AUBREY (1626-1697)

AUBURN (from the Low Lat. alburnus, whitish, light-coloured)

PIERRE AUBUSSON

SIR SAMUEL AUCHMUTY (1756-1822)

AUCHTERMUCHTY (Gaelic, " the high ground of the wild sow ")

AUCKLAND ISLANDS

EARL OF GEORGE EDEN AUCKLAND (1784-1849)

1ST BARON WILLIAM EDEN AUCKLAND (1745-1814)