See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)  , of See also:

• NICOMEDIA [mod. Ismid]

Nicomedia in See also:

• BITHYNIA (BtOvpta)

Bithynia, See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek historian and philosopher, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born about A.D . 96, and lived during the reigns of See also:

• HADRIAN (PUBLICS AELIUS HADRIANUS)

Hadrian, See also:

• ANTONINUS, SAINT ANTONIO PIEROZZI

Antoninus See also:

• PIUS

Pius and See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus Aurelius . In recognition of his abilities, he received the See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen-See also:

• SHIP

ship of both See also:

• ATHENS
• ATHENS ['AN vat, Athenae, modem colloquial Greek `Ath va]

Athens and See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . He was greatly esteemed by Hadrian, who appointed him See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor . (legatus) of See also:

• CAPPADOCIA

Cappadocia (131–137), in which capacity he distinguished himself in a See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the See also:

• ALANI (Gr. 'AXavoi, 'AAavvoi ; Chinese 'O-lan-na; since the 9th century A.U. they have been called As, Russ. Jasy, Georgian Ossi)

Alani . This is the only instance before the 3rd See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century in which a first-See also:

• RATE

rate See also:

• ROMAN

Roman military command was given to a Greek . See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian spent a considerable portion of his See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time at Athens, where he was See also:

• ARCHON (apywv, ruler)

archon 147–148 . With his retirement or recall from Cappadocia his See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official career came to an end . In his declining years, he retired to his native See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place, where he devoted himself to See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• WORK

work . He died about 180 . His See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

biography, by Dio See also:

• CASSIUS
• CASSIUS, AVIDIUS (d. A.D. 175)
• CASSIUS, GAIUS

Cassius, is lost . When See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, Arrian was the See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil and friend of See also:

• EPICTETUS (born c. A.D. 6o)

Epictetus, who had probably withdrawn to See also:

• NICOPOLIS, or ACTIA NICOPOLIS

Nicopolis, when See also:

• DOMITIAN (Thus FLAVIUS DOMITIANUS)

Domitian expelled all philosophers from Rome .

He took verbatim notes of his teacher's lectures, which he subsequently published under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of The See also:

• DISSERTATIONS

Dissertations (Oearpe f3ai), in eight books, of which the first four are extant and constitute the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authority for Stoic See also:

• ETHICS
• ETHICS, SHAFTESBURY, HOBBES

ethics, and The Encheiridion (i.e . See also:

• MANUAL

Manual) of Epictetus, a handbook of moral See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy, for many years a favourite instruction See also:

• BOOK

book with both Christians and pagans . It was adapted for See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian use by St Nilus of See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople (5th century), and See also:

• SIMPLICIUS

Simplicius (about 550) wrote a commentary on it which we still possess . The most important of Arrian's See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• WORKS

works is his See also:

• ANABASIS

Anabasis of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander, in seven books, containing the See also:

• HISTORY

history of Alexander the See also:

• GREAT

Great from his, See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to his See also:

• DEATH

death . Arrian's chief authorities were, as he tells us, See also:

• ARISTOBULUS

Aristobulus of Cassandreia and See also:

• PTOLEMY (CLAUDIUS PTOLEMAEUS)

Ptolemy, son of Lagus (afterwards See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt), who both accompanied Alexander on his See also:

• CAMPAIGNS

campaigns . In spite of a too indulgent view of his See also:

• HERO (Gr. open)
• HERO, THE YOUNGER

hero's defects, and some over-credulity, Arrian's is the most See also:

• COMPLETE

complete and trustworthy See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of Alexander that we possess . Other extant works of Arrian are: Indica, a description of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India in the Ionic See also:

• DIALECT (from Gr. Sia stcror, conversation, manner of speaking, &aXeyec6at, to converse)

dialect, including the voyage of See also:

• NEARCHUS

Nearchus, intended as a supplement to the Anabasis; Acies Contra Alanos, a fragment of importance for the knowledge of Roman military affairs; Periplus of the Euxine, an official account written (131) for the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor Hadrian; Tactica, attributed by some to Aelianus, who wrote in the reign of See also:

• TRAJAN [MARCUS ULPIUS TRAJANUS] (A. D. 53-117)

Trajan; Cynegeticus, a See also:

• TREATISE

treatise on the See also:

• CHASE
• CHASE, SALMON PORTLAND (1808-1873)
• CHASE, SAMUEL (1741–1811)
• CHASE, WILLIAM MERRITT (1849– )

chase, supplementing See also:

• XENOPHON

Xenophon's work on the same subject; the Periplus of the Erythraean See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, attributed to him, is by a later compiler . Amongst his lost works may be mentioned: Ta ,uer' 'See also:

• AXE (0. Eng. aex; a word common, in different forms, in the Teutonic languages, and akin to the Greek 41v17; the New English Dictionary prefers the spelling " ax ")

AXE az' pov, a history of the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period succeeding Alexander, of which an See also:

• EPITOME
• EPITOME (Gr. lircroui, from isrLTEµveW, to cut short)

epitome is preserved in See also:

• PHOTIUS
• PHOTIUS (c. 82o-891)

Photius; histories of Bithynia, the Alani and the See also:

• PARTHIAN

Parthian See also:

• WARS

wars under Trajan; the lives of See also:

• TIMOLEON (c. 411-337 B.C.)

Timoleon of See also:

• SYRACUSE
• SYRACUSE (Gr. Mvpaaovoat; Lat. Syracusae, Ital. Siracusa)

Syracuse, See also:

• DION

Dion of Syracuse and a famous brigand named Timoleon . Arrian's See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style is See also:

• SIMPLE

simple, lucid and manly; but his See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, though pure, presents some peculiarities . He was called " Xenophon the younger " from his See also:

• IMITATION (Lat. imitatio, from intitari, to imitate)

imitation of that writer, and he even speaks of himself as Xenophon . Complete works ed . F .

See also:

• DUBNER, JOHANN FRIEDRICH (1802–1867)

Dubner (1846) ; Anabasis, C . Abicht (1889) ; with notes, C . W . See also:

• KRUGER, STEPHANUS JOHANNES PAULUS (1825-1904)

Kruger (1835), C . Sintenis 0867), C . Abicht (1875); Scripta Minora, R . Hercher and A . See also:

• EBERHARD
• EBERHARD, CHRISTIAN AUGUST GOTTLOB (1769-1845)
• EBERHARD, JOHANN AUGUSTUS (1739-1809)

Eberhard (1885); A . J . Roos, i., containing the Anabasis (Teubner See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, 1907) . See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• TRANSLATIONS

translations: Anabasis, See also:

• ROOKE, SIR GEORGE (1650-1709)

Rooke (1812); Anabasis and Indica, E . J .

Chinnock (1893); Voyage of Nearchus with the See also:

• SPURIOUS

spurious Periplus, W . See also:

• VINCENT (or VINCENTIUS), ST
• VINCENT, GEORGE (1796-1831?)
• VINCENT, MARY ANN (1818-1887)

Vincent (1807), J . W . M'Crindle (See also:

• CALCUTTA

Calcutta, 1879); Periplus of the Euxine, W . See also:

• FALCONER, HUGH (18o8–1865)
• FALCONER, WILLIAM (1732–1769)

Falconer (1805); Cynegeticus [W . Dansey] (1831) . See also E . Bolla, Arriano di Nicomedia (189o) ; E . Schwartz in Pauly-1Vissowa's Realencyclopadie der classischen Altertumswissenschafl (1896) ; H . F .