ARTICHOKE  . The See also:

• COMMON

common artichoke, Cynara, scolymus, is a plant belonging to the natural See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• COMPOSITAE

Compositae, having some resemblance to a large See also:

• THISTLE

thistle . It has See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long been esteemed as a culinary See also:

• VEGETABLE

vegetable ; the parts chiefly employed being the immature receptacle or floret disk, with the See also:

• LOWER

lower See also:

• PART

part of the surrounding See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-scales, which are known as "artichoke bottoms." In See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy the receptacles, dried, are largely used in soups; those of the cultivated plant as Carciofo domestico, and of the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild variety as Carciofo spinoso . The See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem artichoke, Helianthus tuberosus, is a distinct plant belonging to the same order, cultivated for its tubers . It closely resembles the See also:

• SUNFLOWER

sunflower, and its popular name is a corruption of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian Girasole Articiocco, the sunflower artichoke . It is a native of See also:

• CANADA

Canada and the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern See also:

• UNITED

United States, and was cultivated by the See also:

• ABORIGINES

aborigines . The tubers are See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich in the See also:

• CARBOHYDRATE

carbohydrate See also:

• INULIN (C6H10O5)x, in chemistry, a starch-like carbohydrate, known also as alantin, menyanthin, dahlin, synanthrin and sinistrin. It occurs in many plants of the large genus Composilae, to which the elicampane (Lat. inula)

inulin and in See also:

• SUGAR

sugar . The name is derived from the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern Italian articiocco•, or arciciocco, See also:

• MODERN

modern carciofo; these words come, through the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish, from the Arabic al-kharshiif . False See also:

• ETYMOLOGY (Gr. grvµos, true, and X6yos, "account)

etymology has corrupted the word in many See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages: it has been derived in See also:

• ENGLISH

English from " choke," and " See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart," or the Latin hortus, a See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden; and in See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form artichaut has been connected with chaud, hot, and See also:

• THOU, JACQUES AUGUSTE DE [THUANUS] (1553-1617)
• THOU, NOM

thou, a See also:

• CABBAGE

cabbage .