See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war, probably comes from See also:

• LATE

Late See also:

• LAT

Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, See also:

• ART

art, cf. " See also:

• ENGINE
• ENGINE (Lat. ingenium)

engine " from ingenium, or of artus, See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint)  , a See also:

• TERM

term originally applied to all engines for discharging missiles, and in this sense used in See also:

• ENGLISH

English in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early 17th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . In a more restricted sense, See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery has come to mean all firearms not carried and used by See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and also the personnel and organization by which the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of such weapons is wielded . It is, however, not usual to class See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine guns (q.v.) as artillery . The See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article deals with the development and contemporary See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of the artillery See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm in See also:

• LAND

land warfare, in respect of its organization, personnel and See also:

• SPECIAL

special or " formal " employment . For the materiel—the guns, their carriages and their See also:

• AMMUNITION

ammunition—see See also:

• ORDNANCE (a syncopated form of " ordinance " or " ordonnance," so spelt in this sense since the 17th century)

ORDNANCE and AMMUNITION . For See also:

• BALLISTICS (from the Gr. fMXkee)

ballistics, see that heading, and for the See also:

• WORK

work of artillery in See also:

• COMBINATION (Lat. combinare, to combine)

combination with the other arms, see See also:

• TACTICS (Gr. TaeTOc*, sc. TEXvnI, from TavQecv, to arrange in order of battle)

TACTICS . Artillery, as distinct from ordnance, is usually classified in accordance with the functions it has to perform . The simplest See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division is that into See also:

• MOBILE

mobile and immobile artillery, the former being concerned with the handling of all weapons so mounted as to be capable of more or less easy See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement from See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place to place, the latter with that of weapons which are installed in fixed positions . Mobile artillery is subdivided, again chiefly in respect of its employment, into See also:

• HORSE (a word common to Teutonic languages in such forms as hors, hros, ros; cf. the Ger. ross)

horse and See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field batteries, heavy field or position artillery, field howitzers, See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain artillery and See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege trains, adapted to every See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of terrain in which field troops may be employed, and work they may have to do . Immobile artillery is used in fixed positions of all kinds, and above all in permanent fortifications; it cannot, therefore, be classified as above, inasmuch as the raison d'etre, and consequently the armament of one fort or See also:

• BATTERY (Fr. batterie, from battles, to beat)

battery may be totally distinct from that of another . " Fortress," " See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

Garrison " and " See also:

• FOOT

Foot " artillery are the usual names for this See also:

• BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch . The dividing See also:

• LINE

line, indeed, in the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case of the heavier weapons, varies with circumstances; guns of position may remain on their ground while elaborate-ARTILLERY 685 fortifications grow up around them, or the deficiencies of a field See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in artillery may be made See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good from the materiel, more frequently still from the personnel, of the fortress artillery .

Thus it may happen that mobile artillery becomes immobile and See also:

• VICE

vice versa . But under normal circumstances the principle of See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification indicated is maintained in all organized military forces .