See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

THOMAS See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• THOMAS ARUNDEL (1353-1414)

ARUNDEL (1353-1414)  , See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury, was the third son of See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Fitzalan, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• ARUNDEL
• ARUNDEL, EARLDOM OF
• ARUNDEL, EARLS OF
• ARUNDEL, THOMAS (1353-1414)

Arundel and See also:

• WARENNE, EARLS

Warenne, by his second wife, Eleanor, daughter of See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• PLANTAGENET

Plantagenet, earl of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster . His See also:

• FAMILY

family was an old and influential one, and when See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas entered the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church his preferment was rapid . In 1373 he became See also:

• ARCHDEACON (Lat. archidiaconus, Gr. &oxt3tauovor)

archdeacon of See also:

• TAUNTON
• TAUNTON, HENRY LABOUCHERE, BARON (1798–1869)

Taunton, and in See also:

• APRIL

April 1374 was consecrated See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• ELY
• ELY, RICHARD THEODORE (1854— )

Ely . During the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years of the reign of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Richard II. he was associated with the party led by Thomas, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester, Henry, earl of See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby, afterwards King Henry IV., and his own See also:

• BROTHER

brother Richard, earl of Arundel, and in 1386 he was sent with Gloucester to Eltham to persuade Richard to return to See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament . This See also:

• MISSION

mission was successful, and Arundel was made See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor in See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael de la See also:

• POLE (FAMILY)
• POLE, REGINALD (1500-1558)
• POLE, RICHARD DE LA (d. 1525)
• POLE, WILLIAM (1814—1900)

Pole, duke of See also:

• SUFFOLK
• SUFFOLK, CHARLES BRANDON, 1ST DUKE OF (c. 1484–'545)
• SUFFOLK, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• SUFFOLK, THOMAS HOWARD, 1ST EARL OF (1561-1626)
• SUFFOLK, WILLIAM DE LA POLE

Suffolk, and assisted to make See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace between the king and the supporters of the See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission of regency . In April 1388 he was made archbishop of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, and, when Richard declared himself of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age in 1389, he gave up the See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office of chancellor, to which, however, he returned in 1391 . During his second See also:

• TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of this office he removed the courts of See also:

• JUSTICE (Lat. justitia)

justice from See also:

• LONDON

London to York, but they were soon brought back to the See also:

• METROPOLIS (Gr. piir17Pi mother, srGXis, city)

metropolis . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1396 he was translated from York to Canterbury, and again resigned the office of chancellor . He began his new See also:

• RULE

rule by a vigorous See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to assert his rights, warned the citizens of London not to withhold See also:

• TITHES

tithes, and decided appeals from the judgments of his suffragans during a thorough visitation of his See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province . In See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1396 he had officiated at the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage of Richard and See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella, daughter of See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VI., king of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, and his fall was the sequel of the king's sudden attack upon the lords appellant in 1397 . After the See also:

• ARREST (Fr. arrester, arreeter, to stop or stay)

arrest of Gloucester . See also:

• WARWICK
• WARWICK, EARLS OF
• WARWICK, RICHARD BEAUCHAMP, EARL OF (1382—1439)
• WARWICK, RICHARD NEVILLE, EARL OF (1428—1471)
• WARWICK, SIR PHILIP (1609-1683)
• WARWICK, SIR ROBERT RICH, 2ND EARL OF (1587–1658)

Warwick and Arundel, the archbishop was impeached by the See also:

• COMMONS

Commons with the king's consent, although Richard, who had not yet revealed his hostility, held out hopes of safety to him .

He was charged with assisting to procure the commission of regency in derogation of the royal authority, and See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence of banishment was passed, See also:

• FORTY

forty days being given him during which to leave the See also:

• REALM

realm . Towards the end of 1397 he started for See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome, and See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface IX., at the urgent See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the king, translated him to the see of St See also:

• ANDREWS, JAMES PETTIT (c. 1737–1797)
• ANDREWS, THOMAS (1813–1885)

Andrews, a step which the pope afterwards confessed he repented bitterly . This See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation virtually deprived Arundel of all authority, as St Andrews didnot acknowledge Boniface . He then became associated with Henry of Lancaster, but did not return to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England before 1399, and the See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account which See also:

• FROISSART, JEAN (1338-1410?)

Froissart gives telling how he was sent by the Londoners to urge Henry to come and assume the See also:

• CROWN

crown is thought to refer to his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew and namesake, Thomas, earl of Arundel . Landing with Henry at Ravenspur, he accompanied him to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . He took his place at once as archbishop of Canterbury, witnessed the See also:

• ABDICATION (Lat. abdicatio, disowning, renouncing, from ab, from, and dicare, to declare, to proclaim as not belonging to one)

abdication of Richard in the See also:

• TOWEL

Towel of London, led the new king, Henry IV., to his See also:

• THRONE

throne in presence of the peers, and crowned him on the 13th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1399 . The See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• WORK

work of his later years was the See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence of the church, and the suppression of See also:

• HERESY

heresy . To put down the See also:

• LOLLARDS

Lollards, he called a See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting of the See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy, pressed on the See also:

• STATUTE

statute de haeretico comburendo, and passed sentence of degradation upon See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• SAWTREY, WILLIAM (d. 14o1)

Sawtrey . He resisted the attempt of the parliament of 1404 to disendow the church, but failed to induce Henry to See also:

• PARDON (through the Fr. from Late Lat. perdonare, to remit a debt or other obligation on a penalty)

pardon Archbishop See also:

• SCROPE
• SCROPE, GEORGE JULIUS POULETT (1797—1876)

Scrope in 1405 . In 1407 he became chancellor for the See also:

• FOURTH

fourth See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, and in 1408 summoned a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council at See also:

• OXFORD
• OXFORD, EARLS OF
• OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
• OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
• OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
• OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
• OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST

Oxford, which See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew up constitutions against the Lollards . These he published in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1409, and among them was one forbidding the translation of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible into See also:

• ENGLISH

English without the consent of the bishop of the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese, or of a provincial See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

synod . In 1411 he went on an See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy abroad, and in 1412 became chancellor again, his return to See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power being accompanied by a See also:

• CHANGE (derived through the Fr. from the Late Lat. cambium, cambiare, to barter; the ultimate derivation is probably from the root which appears in the Gr. «a urmu', to bend)

change in the See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign policy of Henry IV .

In 1397 he had sought to vindicate his right of visitation over the university of Oxford, but the dispute remained unsettled until 1411 when a See also:

• BULL
• BULL, GEORGE (1634–1710)
• BULL, JOHN (c. 1562–1628)
• BULL, OLE BORNEMANN (18ro-188o)

bull was issued by Pope See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• XXIII

XXIII. recalling one issued by Pope Boniface IX., which had exempted the university from the archbishop's authority . In 1413 he took a leading See also:

• PART

part in the proceedings against See also:

• SIR

Sir John See also:

• OLDCASTLE, SIR JOHN (d. 1417)

Oldcastle, Lord See also:

• COBHAM

Cobham, and in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he died on the 19th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February, and was buried at Canter-See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

bury . A See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend of a later age tells how, just before his See also:

• DEATH

death, he was struck dumb for preventing the See also:

• PREACHING (Fr. preecher, from Lat. praedicare, to proclaim)

preaching of the word of See also:

• GOD

God . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief authorities are T . See also:

• WALSINGHAM, SIR FRANCIS (c. 1530-1590)
• WALSINGHAM, THOMAS (d. c. 1422)

Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, ed. by H . T . See also:

• RILEY, JAMES WHITCOMB (1853– )

Riley (London, 1863—1864) ; Eulogium historiarum sive temporis, ed. by F . S . See also:

• HAYDON, BENJAMIN ROBERT (1786-1846)

Haydon (London, 1858—1863) ; the See also:

• MONK (O.Eng. munuc; this with the Teutonic forms, e.g. Du. monnik, Ger. Witch, and the Romanic, e.g. Fr. moine, Ital. monacho and Span. monje, are from the Lat. monachus, adaptedfrom Gr. µovaXos, one living alone, a solitary; Own, alone)
• MONK (or MONCK), GEORGE
• MONK, JAMES HENRY (1784-1856)
• MONK, MARIA (c. 1817—1850)

Monk of See also:

• EVESHAM

Evesham, Historia vitae et regni Ricardi II., ed. by T . See also:

• HEARNE, SAMUEL (1745–1792)
• HEARNE, THOMAS (1678-1735)

Hearne (Oxford, 1729) ; W . F . See also:

• HOOK, JAMES CLARKE (1819-1907)
• HOOK, THEODORE EDWARD (1788-1841)
• HOOK, WALTER FARQUHAR (1798-1875)

Hook, Lives of the Archbishops of Canterbury, vol. iv .

(London, 186o-1876) .