ASCALON  , now `ASKALAN, one of the five See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief cities of the See also:

• PHILISTINES

Philistines, on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of the Mediterranean, 12 M . N. of See also:

• GAZA (or `AllAH, mod. Ghuzzeh)
• GAZA, THEODORUS (c. 1400-1475)

Gaza . The See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place is mentioned several times in the Tell el-Amarna See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence . It revolted from See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt on two occasions, but was reconquered, and a -See also:

• SCULPTURE
• SCULPTURE (Lat. sculptura, from sculpere, to carve, cognate with Gr. yXb4ew)

sculpture at See also:

• THEBES (anciently &Oat, Thebae, or in poetry sometimes Oif3a, in modern Greek Phiva, or, according to the corrected pronunciation, Thivae)
• THEBES (e 3a1)
• THEBES, ROMANCE OF

Thebes depicts the storming of the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . Ascalon was a well-fortified See also:

• TOWN

town, and the seat of the See also:

• WORSHIP (i.e. " worth-ship," O. Eng. weor8scipe)

worship of the See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish-goddess Derketo . Though situated in the nominal territory of the tribe of See also:

• JUDAH

Judah, it was never for any length of See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the Israelites . The only incident in its See also:

• HISTORY

history recorded in the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible (the spoliation by See also:

• SAMSON (1135-1211)
• SAMSON (cf. Heb. shemesh, " sun ")
• SAMSON, JOSEPH ISIDORE (1793-1871)

Samson, Judg. xiv . 19) may possibly have actually occurred at another place of the same name, in the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country of See also:

• JUDAEA

Judaea . See also:

• SENNACHERIB (Ass. Sin-akhi-erba, " the Moon-god has increased the brethren ")

Sennacherib took it in 701 B.C . The See also:

• CONQUEST

conquest of See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander hellenized its See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization, and after his time it became tributary alternately to See also:

• SYRIA

Syria and Egypt . See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod the See also:

• GREAT

Great was a native of the city, and added greatly to its beauty; but it suffered severely in the later See also:

• WARS

wars of the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans and See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews . In the 4th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century it again See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to importance; and till the 7th century, when it was conquered by the Moslems, it was the seat of a bishopric and a centre of learning .

During the first crusade a See also:

• SIGNAL

signal victory was gained by the Christians in the neighbouring See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain on the 15th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1099; but the city remained in the hands of the caliphs till 1157, when it was taken by See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin III., See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, after a See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of five months . By Baldwin IV. it was given to his See also:

• SISTER

sister Sibylla, on her See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William of See also:

• MONTFERRAT, COUNT OF

Montferrat in 1178 . When See also:

• SALADIN (Arab. Sala-ud-din, " Honouring the Faith ") (1138—1193)

Saladin (1187) had almost annihilated the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army in the plain of See also:

• TIBERIAS

Tiberias, Ascalon offered but a feeble resistance to the See also:

• VICTOR
• VICTOR, GAIUS JULIUS (4th cent. A.D.)
• VICTOR, SEXTUS AURELIUS

victor . At first he repaired and strengthened its fortifications, but afterwards, alarmed at the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of . St See also:

• JEAN

Jean d'See also:

• ACRE
• ACRE, or AQUIRY

Acre (Acre) by See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Cceur de See also:

• LION
• LION (Lat, leo, leonis; Gr. Mew)

Lion in 1191, he caused it to be dismantled . It was restored in the following See also:

• YEAR

year by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English king, but only to be again abandoned . From this time Ascalon lost much of its importance, and at length, in 1270, its fortifications were almost totally destroyed by See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

Sultan Bibars, and its See also:

• PORT

port was filled up with stones . The place is now a desolate heap of ruins, with remains of its walls and fragments of See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite pillars . The surrounding country is well watered and very fertile . See a See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper by Guthe, " See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

Die Ruinen Ascalons," in the Zeitschrift of the Deutsche Palastina-Verein, ii . 164 (translated in See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine Exploration Fund Quarterly Statement, 188o, p . 182) .

See also C . R . See also:

• CONDER, CHARLES (1868—1909)

Conder in the latter See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal, 1875, p . 152 . (R . A . S .