ASCENSION  , an See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island in the See also:

• ATLANTIC

Atlantic Ocean, between 70 531 and 8° S., and 14° 18' and 14°26' W., Boo m . N.W. of St See also:

• HELENA
• HELENA, ST (c. 247-c. 327)

Helena, about 71 M. in length and 6 in breadth, with an See also:

• AREA

area of 38 sq. m. and a circumference of about 22 M . The island lies within the immediate See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade-See also:

• WIND
• WIND (a common Teut. word, cognate with Skt. vats, Lat. ventus, cf. " weather," to be of course distinguished from to " wind," to coil or twist, O.Eng. windan, cf. "wander," "wend," &c.)

wind . The See also:

• LEE
• LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
• LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
• LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
• LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
• LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
• LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
• LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
• LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
• LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
• LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
• LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
• LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
• LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)

lee See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the island is subject to the visitation of " rollers," which break on the See also:

• SHORE

shore with very See also:

• GREAT

great violence . Ascension is a volcanic See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass erected on a submarine See also:

• PLATFORM (Fr. plateforme, i.e. ground plan)

platform . Numerous cones exist . See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Mountain, the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation, is a huge elliptical See also:

• CRATER

crater, rising 2820 ft. above the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, while the plains or table-lands surrounding it vary in height from 1200 to 2000 ft . On the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north side they sweep gradually down towards the shore, but on the south they terminate in bold and lofty precipices . Steep and rugged ravines intersect the plains, opening into small bays or coves on the shore, fenced with masses of compact and cellular See also:

• LAVA

lava; and all over the island are found products of volcanic See also:

• ACTION

action . Ascension was originally destitute of vegetation See also:

• SAVE, or SAVA (Ger. Sau; Hungarian Szdva; Lat. Savus)

save on the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of Green Mountain, which owes its verdure to the mists which frequently enshroud it, but the See also:

• LOWER

lower hills have been planted with See also:

• GRASSES

grasses and shrubs . The See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air is clear and See also:

• LIGHT

light, and the See also:

• CLIMATE

climate remarkably healthy, notwithstanding the high temperature—the See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day temperature on the shore being 85° F., on Green Mountain 75° F . The average rainfall is about 20 in., See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March and See also:

• APRIL

April being the See also:

• RAINY, ROBERT (1826-1906)

rainy months .

Ascension is noted for the number of turtles and turtle eggs found on its shores, the See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season lasting from See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December to May or See also:

• JUNE

June . The turtles are caught and kept in large ponds . The coasts abound with a variety of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

fish of excellent quality, of which the most important are the See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-See also:

• COD

cod, the See also:

• CAVALLI, FRANCESCO (1599?-1676)

cavalli, the conger-See also:

• EEL

eel and the " soldier." See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

Numbers of See also:

• SHEEP
• SHEEP (from the Anglo-Saxon sceap, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages; e.g. the German Schaf)

sheep are bred on the island, and there are a few See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle and See also:

• DEER (O. E. rigor, dfor, a common Teutonic word, meaning a wild animal, cf. Ger. Tier, Du. dier, &c., probably from a root dhus-, to breathe)
• DEER, CHINESE

deer, besides goats and See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• CATS, JACOB (1577-1660)

cats . Feathered See also:

• GAME

game is abundant . Like St Helena, the island does not possess any indigenous vertebrate See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• FAUNA

fauna . The "wideawake" birds frequent the island in large numbers, and their eggs are collected and eaten . Beetles and land-shells are well represented . Flies, ants, mosquitoes, scorpions, centipedes and crickets abound . The See also:

• FLORA

flora includes See also:

• PURSLANE

purslane, rock See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses and several See also:

• SPECIES

species of ferns and mosses . The island was discovered by the Portuguese navigator, Joao da Nova, on Ascension Day 15o1, and was occasionally visited thereafter by See also:

• SHIPS

ships . In 1701 See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• DAMPIER, WILLIAM (1652-1715)

Dampier was wrecked on its See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast, and during his detention discovered the only See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of fresh See also:

• WATER

water the island contains . Ascension remained uninhabited till after the arrival of See also:

• NAPOLEON

Napoleon at St Helena (1815), when it w'as taken See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government, who sent a small See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison thither .

A See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, named See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• TOWN

Town (locally known as Garrison), was made on the north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west coast, water being obtained from " Dampier's " springs in the Green Mountain, 6 m. distant . The island is under the See also:

• RULE

rule of the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, and was likened by See also:

• DARWIN, CHARLES ROBERT (1809-1882)
• DARWIN, ERASMUS (1731-1802)

Darwin to " a huge See also:

• SHIP

ship kept in first-See also:

• RATE

rate See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order." It is governed by a See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

borne on the books of the See also:

• FLAGSHIP

flagship of the See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral See also:

• SUPERINTENDENT

superintendent at See also:

• GIBRALTAR

Gibraltar . A See also:

• DEPOT (from the Fr. depot, Lat. depositum, laid down; the French accent marks are usually dispensed with in English)

depot of stores for the See also:

• NAVY

navy is maintained, but the island is used chiefly as a See also:

• SANATORIUM (a modern Latinism, formed from sanare, to cure, restore to health, sanus, whole, healthy, well; often wrongly spelled sanatarium or sanitarium)

sanatorium . Ascension is connected by See also:

• CABLE (from Late Lat. capulum, a halter, from capere, to take hold of)
• CABLE, GEORGE WASHINGTON (1844– )

cable with See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, and is visited once a See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month by See also:

• MAIL

mail steamers from the Cape . Formerly letters were See also:

• LEFT

left by passing ships in a crevice in one of the rocks . The See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population, about 300, consists of See also:

• SEAMEN, LAWS RELATING TO

seamen, See also:

• MARINES (from Lat. mare, sea)

marines, and See also:

• KRUMEN (KROOMEN, KROOBOYS, KRUS, or CROOS)

Krumen from See also:

• LIBERIA

Liberia . See Africa See also:

• PILOT

Pilot, See also:

• PART

part ii., 5th ed . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1901) ; C . Darwin, See also:

• GEOLOGICAL

Geological Observations on the Volcanic Islands visited during the Voyage of H.M.S."Beagle" (London, 1844) ; See also:

• REPORT (O.Fr. report or raport, modern rapport, from O.Fr. reporter, mod. rap porter, Lat. reportare, to bring back, in poetical use only, of bringing back an account, news, &c.)

Report of the Scientific Results of the Voyage of the " Challenger," vol. i. part 2 (London, 1885) ; and Six Months in Ascension, by Mrs Gill (London, 1878), an excellent See also:

• SKETCH (directly adapted from Dutch schets, which was taken from Ital. schizzo, a rough draft, Lat. schedium, something hastily made, Gr. oxE&os, sudden, off-hand, axeb6v, near by; Ger. Skizze and Fr. esquisse are from the same source)

sketch of the island and its inhabitants . It was at Ascension that Mr, afterwards See also:

• SIR

Sir, See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David Gill determined, in 1877, the See also:

• SOLAR, SOLLER (Lat. solarium, Fr.• galetas, Ital. solaio)

solar See also:

• PARALLAX (Gr. aapa?X6, alternately)

parallax .