ASMARA  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony of See also:

• ERITREA

Eritrea, N.E . See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . It is built on the Hamasen See also:

• PLATEAU (a French term, older platel, for a flat piece of wood, metal, &c., from plat, flat)
• PLATEAU, JOSEPH ANTOINE FERDINAND (1801-1883)

plateau, near its eastern edge, at an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 7800 ft., and is some 40 M . W.S.W. in a See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• LINE

line of the seaport of See also:

• MASSAWA, or MASSOWAII

Massawa . Pop . (1904) about 9000, including the See also:

• GARRISON
• GARRISON, WILLIAM LLOYD (1805-1879)

garrison of 300 Italian soldiers, and some r000 native troops . The See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• CIVIL

civil See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

numbers over 500; the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of the inhabitants are chiefly Abyssinians . There is a small See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan colony . The See also:

• TOWN

town is strongly fortified . The European See also:

• QUARTER (through Fr. from Lat. quartarius, fourth part)

quarter contains several See also:

• FINE

fine public buildings, including the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor, See also:

• CLUB (connected with " clump ")

club See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks and See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital . Fort Baldissera is built on a See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the town and is considered impregnable . Asmara, an Amharic word signifying " See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good pasture See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place," is a town of considerable antiquity .

It was included in the maritime See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia, which was governed by a See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy who See also:

• BORE

bore the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Bahar-nagash (ruler of the See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea) . By the Abyssinians the Hamasen plateau was known as the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of the thousand villages . Asmara appears to have been one of the most prosperous of these villages, and to have attained commercial importance through being on the high road from Axum to Massawa . When See also:

• WERNER, ABRAHAM GOTTLOB (1750-1817)
• WERNER, ANTON ALEXANDER VON (1843– )
• WERNER, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG ZACHARIAS (1768–1823)

Werner See also:

• MUNZINGER, WERNER (1832-1875)

Munzinger (q.v.) became See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

consul at Massawa, he entered into a See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme for annexing the Hamasen (of which Asmara was then the capital) to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, but the outbreak of the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany in 1870 brought the project to nought (cf . A . B . Wylde, See also:

• MODERN

Modern Abyssinia, 1901) . In 1872 Munzinger, now in See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian service, annexed Asmara to the khedivial dominions, but in 1884, owing to the rise of the See also:

• MANDI

mandi,See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt evacuated her Abyssinian provinces and Asmara was chosen by See also:

• RAS

Ras Alula, the representative of the See also:

• NEGUS

negus Johannes (See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John), as his headquarters . Shortly afterwards the Italians occupied Massawa, and in 1889 Asmara (see ABYSSINIA: See also:

• HISTORY

History) . In 1900 the seat of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government was transferred from Massawa to Asmara, which in its modern See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form is the creation of the Italians . It is surrounded by See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich agricultural lands, cultivated in See also:

• PART

part by Italian immigrants, and is a busy trading centre . A railway from Massawa to Asmara was completed as far as Ghinda, at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of fhe plateau, in 1904 .

At Medrizien, 6 m. See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of Asmara, are See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold-mines which have been partially worked . See G . Dainelli, In Africa . Lettere dall' Eritrea (See also:

• BERGAMO
• BERGAMO (anc. Bergomum)

Bergamo, 1908) ; R . Perini, Di qua dal Mareb (See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, 1905) .