See also:

• ASPENDUS (mod. Balkis Kale , or, more anciently in the native language, ESTVEDYS (whence the adjective Estvedijys on coins)

ASPENDUS (mod. Balkis Kale , or, more anciently in the native See also:

• LANGUAGE (adapted from the Fr. langage, from langue, tongue, Lat. lingua)

language, ESTVEDYS (whence the See also:

• ADJECTIVE (from the Lat. adjectives, added)

adjective Estvedijys on coins)  , an See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• PAMPHYLIA

Pamphylia, very strongly situated on an isolated See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• EURYMEDON

Eurymedon at the point where. the See also:

• RIVER

river issues from the See also:

• TAURUS (" the Bull ")

Taurus . The See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea is now about 7 M. distant, and the river is navigable only for about 2 M. from the mouth; but in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of See also:

• THUCYDIDES (OovavMns)

Thucydides See also:

• SHIPS

ships could See also:

• ANCHOR (from the Greek ayrcvpa, which Vossius considers is from 6yi17 , a crook or hook)

anchor off See also:

• ASPENDUS (mod. Balkis Kale , or, more anciently in the native language, ESTVEDYS (whence the adjective Estvedijys on coins)

Aspendus . Really of pre-Hellenic date, the See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place claimed to be an Argive See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony . It derived See also:

• WEALTH

wealth from See also:

• GREAT

great salines and from a See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in oil and See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, to which the wide range of its admirable coinage bears See also:

• WITNESS
• WITNESS (from O. Eng. witan, to know)

witness from the 5th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century B.C. onwards . There See also:

• ALCIBIADES (c. 450-404 B.c.)

Alcibiades met the See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap See also:

• TISSAPHERNES (Pers. Cithrafarna)

Tissaphernes in 411 B.C., and thence succeeded in getting the Phoenician See also:

• FLEET

fleet, intended to co-operate with See also:

• SPARTA (Gr. Eirapril or AaKe5atycav)

Sparta, sent back See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home . The Athenian, See also:

• THRASYBULUS

Thrasybulus, after obtaining contributions from Aspendus in 389, was murdered by the inhabitants . The city bought off See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander in 333, but, not keeping faith, was forcibly occupied by the conqueror . In due course it passed from Pergamene to See also:

• ROMAN

Roman dominion, and according to See also:

• CICERO

Cicero, was plundered of many See also:

• ARTISTIC

artistic treasures by See also:

• VERRES, GAIUS (c. 120-43 B.C.)

Verres . It was ranked by See also:

• PHILOSTRATUS

Philostratus the third city of Pamphylia, and in See also:

• BYZANTINE

Byzantine times seems to have been known as Primopolis, under which name its See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop signed at See also:

• EPHESUS
• EPHESUS, COUNCIL OF

Ephesus in A.D . 431 . In See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval times it was evidently still a strong place, but it has now sunk, in the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general decay of Pamphylia, to a wretched See also:

• HAMLET

hamlet . . The ruins still extant are very remarkable, and, with the See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble Roman See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, the finest in the See also:

• WORLD

world, have earned for the place (as is the See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case with certain other great monuments) a legendary connexion with See also:

• SOLOMON, ODES OF
• SOLOMON, PSALMS OF

Solomon's Sheban See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen .

On the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the hillock, surrounded by a See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall with three See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates, See also:

• LIE, JONAS LAURITZ EDEMIL (1833—1908)
• LIE, MARIUS SOPHUS (1842–1899)

lie the remains of the city . The public buildings See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• FORUM (Lat. from foris, " out of doors ")

forum can all be traced, and parts of them are See also:

• STANDING

standing to a considerable height . They consist of a See also:

• FINE

fine nympheum on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north with a covered theatre behind it, covered See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market halls on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, and a See also:

• PERISTYLE (Gr. wept, round, and oriaos, column)

peristyle See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall and a See also:

• BASILICA

basilica on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east . In the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain below are large thermae, and ruins of a splendid See also:

• AQUEDUCT (Lat. aqua, water, and ducere, to lead; Gr. apaymryeiov, apayeeywov, vlrovopos)

aqueduct . But all else seems insignificant beside the huge theatre, See also:

• HALF

half hollowed out of the north-east flank of the hill . This was first published by C . F . M . Texier in 1849, and has now been completely planned, &c., by See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Lanckoronski's expedition in 1884 . It is built of See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• CONGLOMERATE (from the Lat. conglomerare, to form into a ball, glomus, glomeris; so also the general term " conglomeration " for a miscellaneous collection of things, gathered together in a mass)

conglomerate and is in marvellous preservation . Erected to the See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of the emperors See also:

• MARCUS

Marcus Aurelius and L . Verus by the architect See also:

• ZENO

Zeno, for the heirs of a local Roman See also:

• CITIZEN (a form corrupted in Eng., apparently by analogy with " denizen," from O. Fr. citeain, mod. Fr. citoyen)

citizen (as an inscription repeated over both portals attests), its auditorium has a See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit of 313,17 feet .

There are See also:

• FORTY

forty tiers of seating, divided by one diazoma, and crowned by an arched See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery of rather later date, repaired in places with See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick . This auditorium held 7500 spectators . The seats are not perfect, but so nearly so as to appear practically intact . The wooden See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage has, of course, perished, but all its supporting structures are in place, and the great scena wall stands to its full height, and produces a magnificent impression whether from within or from without . Inwardly it was decorated with two orders of columns one above the other, with See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich entablatures, much of which survives . In the tympanum is a See also:

• RELIEF

relief of Bacchus (wrongly supposed to be of a See also:

• FEMALE

female, and called the Bal-Kis, i.e . " See also:

• HONEY (Chin. me ; Sansk. madhu, mead, honey; cf. A.S. medo, medu, mead; Gr. p Xt, in which 0 or b is changed into X; Lat. mel ; Fr. miel ; A.S. hung ; Ger. Honig)

Honey Girl ") . The position of the See also:

• SOUNDING (for derivation see SOUND above)

sounding See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board above the stage is apparent . Under the forepart of the auditorium, built out from the hill, are immense vaults . The whole structure was enclosed within one great wall, pierced with numerous windows . This structure was probably put to some ecclesiastical Byzantine use, as certain mutilated heads of See also:

• SAINTS, BATTLE OF THE

saints appear upon it; and later it became a fortress and received certain additions . It is now under the care of the local aghd and not allowed to be plundered for See also:

• BUILDING

building See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone .

See C . Lanckoronski, Villes de la Pamphylie et de la Pisidie, i . (1890) . (D . G .