See also:

• ASSISI (anc. Asisium)

ASSISI (anc. See also:

• ASISIUM (mod. Assisi)

Asisium)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town and episcopal see of See also:

• UMBRIA
• UMBRIA ('Opj3pucrl)

Umbria, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• PERUGIA (anc. Perusia)

Perugia, 15 M . E.S.E. by See also:

• RAIL

rail from the town of Perugia . Pop . (1901) town, 5338; See also:

• COMMUNE (Med. Lat. communia, Lat. communis, common)
• COMMUNE, MEDIEVAL

commune, 17,240 . The town occupies a See also:

• FINE

fine position on a See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain (134.5 ft. above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level) with a view over the valleys of the See also:

• TIBER (anc. Tiberis; Ital. Tevere)

Tiber and Topino . It is mainly famous in connexion with St See also:

• FRANCIS
• FRANCIS (FRarrcols) OF SALES, ST (1567-1622)
• FRANCIS (Lat. Franciscus, Ital. Francesco, Span. Francisco, Fr. Francois, Ger. Franz)
• FRANCIS, SIR PHILIP (174o-1818)

Francis, who was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born here in 1182, and returned to See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die in 1226 . The Franciscan monastery and the See also:

• LOWER

lower and upper See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St Francis were begun immediately after his See also:

• CANONIZATION

canonization in 1228, and completed in 1253, being fine specimens of See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture . The See also:

• CRYPT (Lat. crypta, from the Gr. Kp&arrew, to hide)

crypt was added in 1818, when the See also:

• SARCOPHAGUS (Gr. vapsorg yos, literally " flesh-eating," from vapt, flesh, ¢ayeiv, to eat)

sarcophagus containing his remains was discovered . The lower church contains frescoes by See also:

• CIMABUE, GIOVANNI (1240 to about 1302)

Cimabue, See also:

• GIOTTO

Giotto and others, the most famous of which are those over the high See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar by Giotto, illustrating the vows of the Franciscan See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order; while the upper church has frescoes representing scenes from the See also:

• LIFE

life of St Francis (probably by Giotto and his See also:

• CON

con-temporaries) on the lower portion of the walls of the See also:

• NAVE

nave, and scenes from Old and New Testament See also:

• HISTORY

history by pupils of Cimabue on the upper . The church of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Chiara (St See also:

• CLARE
• CLARE, JOHN (1793-1864)
• CLARE, JOHN FITZGIBBON, 1ST EARL OF (1749-1802)

Clare), the foundress of the Poor See also:

• CLARES, POOR

Clares, with its massive lateral buttresses, fine See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose-window, and See also:

• SIMPLE

simple Gothic interior, was begun in 1257, four years after her See also:

• DEATH

death . It contains the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint and 13th-See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century frescoes and pictures . Santa Maria See also:

• MAGGIORE, LAGO (Lacus Verbanus of the Romans; Fr. Lac Majeur; Ger. Langensee)

Maggiore is also a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good Gothic church .

The See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral (See also:

• SAN

San Rufino) has a fine See also:

• FACADE

facade with three rose-windows of 1140; the interior was modernized in 1572 . The town is dominated by the. See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle (1655 ft.), built by CardinalAlbornoz (1367) and added to by Popes See also:

• PIUS

Pius II. and See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul III . Two See also:

• MILES, NELSON APPLETON (1839— )

miles to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east in a See also:

• RAVINE

ravine below See also:

• MONTE

Monte Subasio is the hermitage delle Carceri (2300 ft.), partly built, partly cut out of the solid See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock, given to St Francis by See also:

• BENEDICTINE

Benedictine monks as a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place of retirement . Below the town to the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the station, is the large See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage church of Santa Maria degli See also:

• ANGELL, GEORGE THORNDIKE (1823-1909)

Angell, begun in 1569 by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope Pius V., with Vignola as architect; but not completed until 1640 . It contains the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• ORATORY (Lat. oratorio, sc. ors; from orare, to speak or pray)

oratory of St Francis and the See also:

• CELL (from Lat. cella, probably from an Indo-European kal —seen in Lat. celare, to hide; another suggestion connects the word with Lat. cera, wax, taking the original meaning to refer to the honeycomb)

cell in which he died . Adjacent is the See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden in which the saint's thornless See also:

• ROSES, WARS OF THE

roses See also:

• BLOOM (from A.S. bloma, a flower)

bloom in May . See also:

• HALF

Half a mile outside the town to the south-east is the See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent of San Damian, erected by St Francis, of which St Clare was first See also:

• ABBESS (Lat. abbatissa, fem. form of abbas, abbot)

abbess . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages See also:

• ASSISI (anc. Asisium)

Assisi was subject to the See also:

• DUKES
• DUKES, LEOPOLD (1810-1891)

dukes of See also:

• SPOLETO (anc. Spoletium)

Spoleto; but in the 11th century it seems to have been See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent . It became involved, however, in the disputes of Guelphs and Ghibellines, and was frequently at See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with Perugia . It was sacked by Perugia and the papal troops in 1442, and even after that continued to be the See also:

• PREY (0. Fr. preie, mod. proie, Lat. praeda, booty, from prae and the root hed—seen in prehendere, prendere, to grasp)

prey of factions . The place is now famous as a resort of pilgrims, and is also important for the history of See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• ART

art . The poet See also:

• METASTASIO (1698-1782)

Metastasio was born here in 1688 .

See L . See also:

• DUFF, ALEXANDER (1806-1878)

Duff-See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon, Assisi (" Mediaeval Towns " See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series, See also:

• LONDON

London, 1900) . For See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient history see See also:

• ASISIUM (mod. Assisi)

Asisium . (T .