See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

JACOB See also:

• JOHN JACOB ASTOR (1763-1848)

ASTOR (1763-1848)  , See also:

• AMERICAN

American See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at the See also:

• VILLAGE

village of Walldorf, near See also:

• HEIDELBERG

Heidelberg, See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, on the 17th of See also:

• JULY

July 1763 . Until he was sixteen he worked in the See also:

• SHOP

shop of his See also:

• FATHER

father, a See also:

• BUTCHER

butcher; he then joined an See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother in See also:

• LONDON

London, and there for four years was employed in the piano and See also:

• FLUTE

flute factory of an See also:

• UNCLE

uncle, of the See also:

• FIRM

firm of See also:

• ASTOR, JOHN JACOB (1763-1848)

Astor & Broadwood . In 1783 he emigrated to See also:

• AMERICA

America, and settled in New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, whither one of his See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers had previously gone . On the voyage he became acquainted with a See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur-trader, by whose See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice he devoted himself to the same business, buying furs directly from the See also:

• INDIANS, NORTH AMERICAN

Indians, preparing them at first with his own hands for the See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market, and selling them in London and elsewhere at a See also:

• GREAT

great profit . He was also the See also:

• AGENT (from Lat. agere, to act)

agent in New' York of the firm of Astor & Broadwood . By his See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy, See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound See also:

• JUDGMENT

judgment he gradually enlarged his operations, did business in all the fur markets of the See also:

• WORLD

world, and amassed an enormous See also:

• FORTUNE, ROBERT (1813-188o)

fortune,—the largest up to that See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time made by any American . He devoted many years to carrying out a project for organizing the fur See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade from the Great Lakes to the Pacific Ocean, and' thence by way of the Hawaiian Islands to See also:

• CHINA

China and See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . In 1811 he founded, at the mouth of the See also:

• COLUMBIA

Columbia See also:

• RIVER

river a See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement named after him See also:

• ASTORIA

Astoria, which was intended to serve as the central See also:

• DEPOT (from the Fr. depot, Lat. depositum, laid down; the French accent marks are usually dispensed with in English)

depot; but two years later the settlement was seized and occupied by the See also:

• ENGLISH

English . The incidents of this undertaking are the theme of See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington See also:

• IRVING, EDWARD (1792-1834)
• IRVING, SIR HENRY (1838-1905)
• IRVING, WASHINGTON (1783-18J9)

Irving's Astoria . A See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of disasters frustrated the gigantic See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme . Astor made vast additions to, his See also:

• WEALTH

wealth by investments in real See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate. in New York See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

City, and erected many buildings there, including the hotel known. as the Astor See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House . The last twenty-five years of his See also:

• LIFE

life were spent in retirement in New York City, where,. he died on the 29th of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1848, his fortune then being estimated at about $30,600,000 .

He made various charitable bequests by his will, and among them a See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift of $50,000 to found an institution, opened as the " Astor House " in 1854, for the See also:

• EDUCATION

education of poor See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children and the See also:

• RELIEF

relief of the aged and the destitute in his native village in Germany . His See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief benefaction, however, was a See also:

• BEQUEST (from 0. Eng. becwethan, to declare or express in words; cf. " quoth ")

bequest of $400,000 for the See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation and endowment of a public library in New York City, since known as the Astor library, and since 1895 See also:

• PART

part of the New York public library . See See also:

• PARTON, JAMES (1822–1891)

Parton's Life of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob Astor (New York, 1865) . His eldest son, See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM BACKHOUSE ASTOR (1792-1875), inherited the greater part of his father's fortune, and chiefly by judicious investments in real estate greatly increased it . He was sometimes known as the " Landlord of New York." Under his direction the See also:

• BUILDING

building for the Astor library was erected, and to the library he gave about $550,000, including a bequest of $200,000 . His son, JOHN JACOB ASTOR (1822-1890), was also well known as a capitalist and philanthropist, giving liberally to the Astor library . The son of the last named, WILLIAM WALDORF ASTOR (1848- ), served in the New York See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

assembly in 1877, and in the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate in 188o-81 . He was See also:

• UNITED

United States See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister to See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy from 1882 to 1885 . He published two romances, See also:

• VALENTINE, or VALENTINUS

Valentine (1885) and See also:

• SFORZA
• SFORZA, CATERINA (1463-1509)

Sforza (1889) . His wealth, arising from See also:

• PROPERTY

property in New York, where also he built the New Netherland hotel and the Waldorf hotel, was enormous . In 1890 he removed to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, and in 1899 was naturalized . In 1893 he became proprietor of the See also:

• PALL

Pall Mall See also:

• GAZETTE

Gazette, and afterwards started the Pall Mall See also:

• MAGAZINE

Magazine .