ASTYAGES  , the last See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of the Median See also:

• EMPIRE

empire . In the See also:

• INSCRIPTIONS (from Lat. inscribere, to write upon)

inscriptions of Nabonidus the name is written Ishtuvegu (See also:

• CYLINDER (Gr. KvAwSpos, from KvXivaety, to roll)

cylinder from See also:

• ABU

Abu Habba V R 64, See also:

• COL
• COL (Fr. for " neck," Lat. collum)

col . 1, 32 See also:

• ANNALS (Annales, from annus, a year)

Annals, published by Pinches, Tr . See also:

• SOC

Soc . Bibl . See also:

• ARCH
• ARCH, JOSEPH (1826– )

Arch. vii. col . 2, 2) . According to See also:

• HERODOTUS (c. 484-425 B.C.)

Herodotus, he was the son of See also:

• CYAXARES (Pers. Uvakhshatra)

Cyaxares and reigned See also:

• THIRTY

thirty-five years (584—550 B.C.); his wife was Aryenis, the daughter of See also:

• ALYATTES

Alyattes of See also:

• LYDIA

Lydia (See also:

• HEROD
• HEROD (surnamed THE GREAT)

Herod. i . 74) . About his reign we know little, as the narrative of Herodotus, which makes See also:

• CYRUS
• CYRUS (Gr. KDpos; Pers. Kuru-sh; Babyl. Kurash; Hebr. Koresh)

Cyrus the See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of Astyages by his daughter Mandane, is merely a See also:

• LEGEND (through the French from the med. Lat. legenda, things to be read, from legere, to read)

legend; the figure of Harpagus, who as See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the Median See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army betrays the king to Cyrus, alone seems to contain an See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical See also:

• ELEMENT (Lat. elementum)

element, as Harpagus and his See also:

• FAMILY

family afterwards obtained a high position in the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian empire . From the inscriptions of Nabonidus we learn that Cyrus, king of Anshan (Susiana), began See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war against him in 553 B.C.; in 550, when Astyages marched against Cyrus, his troops rebelled, and he was taken prisoner . Then Cyrus occupied and plundered See also:

• ECBATANA (Agbatana in Aeschylus, Hangmatana in Old Persian, written Agamtanu by Nabonidos, and Agamatanu at Behistun, mod. Hamadan)

Ecbatana .

The See also:

• CAPTIVE (from Lat. capere, to take)

captive king was treated fairly by Cyrus (Herod. i . 130), and according to See also:

• CTESIAS

Ctesias (Pers . 5, cf . See also:

• JUSTIN (JUNIANUS JUSTINUS)

Justin i . 6) made See also:

• SATRAP [Pers. Khshatrapavan, i.e." protector (superintendent) of the country (or district)," Heb. sakhshadrapan, Gr. taerpan-ris (insc. of Miletus, Sitzungsber. Berl. Ak. 1900, 112), E% u3pa7eixav (insc. of Mylasa, Dittenberger, Sylloge, 95), ital. p6. rr

satrap of See also:

• HYRCANIA

Hyrcania, where he was afterwards slain by Oebares against the will of Cyrus, who gave him a splendid funeral . See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander Polyhistor and Abydenus in their excerpts from See also:

• BEROSSUS

Berossus, which See also:

• EUSEBIUS
• EUSEBIUS (Gr. EuOi/3tos, from ebaegils, pious, cf. the Latin name Pius)
• EUSEBIUS [OF CAESAREA] (c. 260-c. 340)
• EUSEBIUS [OF EMESA] (d. c. "36o)

Eusebius (Chron. i. pp . 29 and 37) and See also:

• SYNCELLUS

Syncellus (p . 396) have preserved, give the name Astyages to the Median king who reigned in the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of the fall of See also:

• NINEVEH (Heb. m}'?, in classical authors Nivos, Ninus; LXX. Ntsetni, Nnveun: Assyrian Nind or Ninua)

Nineveh (6o6 B.c.), and became See also:

• FATHER

father-in-See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law of See also:

• NEBUCHADREZZAR, or NEBUCHADNEZZAR

Nebuchadrezzar . This is evidently a See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

mistake; the name ought to be Cyaxares (in the fragments of the Jewish See also:

• HISTORY

history of Alexander Polyhistor, in Euseb . Praep . See also:

• EVE

Eve ix . 39, the name is converted into Astibaras, who, according to the unhistorical See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of Ctesias, was the father of Astyages), and there is no See also:

• REASON (Lat. ratio, through French raison)

reason to invent an earlier king Astyages I., as some modem authors have done .

The Armenian historians render the name Astyages by Ashdahak, i.e . Azhi Dahaka (Zohak), the mythical king of the Iranian epics, who has nothing whatever to do with the historical king of the Medes . (ED .