See also:

• ATHELSTAN (c. 894-940)

ATHELSTAN (c. 894-940)  , Saxon See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, was the son (probably illegitimate) of See also:

• EDWARD

Edward the See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder . He had been the favourite of his grandfather See also:

• ALFRED

Alfred, and was brought up in the See also:

• HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL

household of his aunt'Ethelflaed, the " See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady of the Mercians." On the See also:

• DEATH

death of his See also:

• FATHER

father in 924, at some date after the 12th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November, /Ethelstan succeeded him and was crowned at See also:

• KINGSTON
• KINGSTON, ELIZABETH, DUCHESS OF (1720-1788)
• KINGSTON, WILLIAM HENRY GILES (1814-188o)

Kingston shortly after . The See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession did not, however, take See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place without opposition . One /Elfred, probably a descendant of /See also:

• ETHELRED

Ethelred I., formed a See also:

• PLOT
• PLOT, ROBERT (164o-1696)

plot to seize the king at See also:

• WINCHESTER
• WINCHESTER, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Winchester; the plot was discovered and £Elfred was sent to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome to defend himself, but died shortly after . The king's own legitimate See also:

• BROTHER

brother See also:

• EDWIN, AEDUINI
• EDWIN, JOHN (1749–1790)

Edwin made no See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt on the See also:

• THRONE

throne, but in 933 he was drowned at See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea under somewhat mysterious circumstances; the later chroniclers ascribe his death to foul See also:

• PLAY

play on the See also:

• PART

part of the king, but this seems more than doubtful . One of rEthelstan's first public acts was to hold a See also:

• CONFERENCE

conference at See also:

• TAMWORTH

Tamworth with Sihtric, the Scandinavian king of See also:

• NORTHUMBRIA (regnum Northanhymbrorum)

Northumbria, and as a result Sihtric received /Ethelstan's See also:

• SISTER

sister in See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage . In the next See also:

• YEAR

year Sihtric died and lEthelstan took over the Northumbrian See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . He now received, at Dacre in Cumber-See also:

• LAND

land, the submission of all the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island, viz.Howel Dda, king of See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, See also:

• OWEN, JOHN (1616-1683)
• OWEN, JOHN [OVENUS Or AUDOENUS] (c. 1560-1622)
• OWEN, ROBERT (1771-1858)
• OWEN, SIR HUGH (1804-1881)
• OWEN, SIR RICHARD (1804–1892)

Owen, king of Cumbria, See also:

• CONSTANTINE

Constantine, king of the Scots, and Ealdred of See also:

• BAMBURGH, or BAMBOROUGH

Bamburgh, and henceforth he calls himself "rex totius Britanniae." About this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time (the exact See also:

• CHRONOLOGY (Gr. xpovo?oyfa, computation of time, xp6vos)

chronology is uncertain) /Ethelstan expelled Sihtric's brother Guthfrith, destroyed the Danish fortress at See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, received the submission of the Welsh at See also:

• HEREFORD

Hereford, fixing their boundary along the See also:

• LINE

line of the Wye, and drove the Cornishmen west of the Tamar, fortifying See also:

• EXETER
• EXETER, EARL, MARQUESS AND DUKE OF

Exeter as an See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . In 934 he invaded See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland by land and sea, perhaps owing to an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance between Constantine and Anlaf Sihtricsson . - The See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army advanced as far See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north as Dunottar, in See also:

• KINCARDINESHIRE, or THE MEARNS

Kincardineshire, while the See also:

• NAVY

navy sailed to See also:

• CAITHNESS

Caithness . See also:

• SIMEON
• SIMEON (or SYMEON) OF DURHAM (d. after 1129)
• SIMEON, JOSEPH JEROME, COMTE (1749–1842)

Simeon of See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham speaks of a submission of Scotland as a result; if it ever took place it was a See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form, for three years later we find a See also:

• GREAT

great confederacy formed in Scotland against /Ethelstan . This confederacy of 937 was joined by Constantine, king of Scotland, the Welsh of See also:

• STRATHCLYDE

Strathclyde, and the See also:

• NORWEGIAN

Norwegian chieftains Anlaf Sihtricsson and Anlaf Godfredsson, who, though they came from See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, had powerful English connexions .

A great See also:

• BATTLE

battle was fought at Brunanburh (perhaps Brunswark or Birrenswark See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill in S.E . See also:

• DUMFRIESSHIRE

Dumfriesshire), in which /Ethelstan and his brother See also:

• EDMUND
• EDMUND, or EADMUND (c. 980-1016)
• EDMUND, SAINT [EDMUND RICE] (d. 1240)

Edmund were completely victorious . See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England had been freed from its greatest danger since the days of the struggle of Alfred against See also:

• GUTHRUM (GoDRUM) (d. 89o)

Guthrum . /Ethelstan was the first Saxon king who could claim in any real sense to be See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• PARAMOUNT (Anglo-Fr. paramont, up above, par el mont, up or on top of the mountain)

paramount of See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain . In his charters he is continually called "rex totius Britanniae," and he adopts for the first time the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title basileus . This was not merely an idle flourish, for some of his charters are signed by Welsh and Scottish kings as subreguli . Further, /Ethelstan was the first king to bring England into See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close See also:

• TOUCH (derived through Fr. toucher from a common Teutonic and Indo-Germanic root, cf. " tug," " tuck," O. H. Ger. zucchen, to twitch or draw)

touch with See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . By the marriage of his See also:

• HALF

half-sisters he was brought into connexion with the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief royal and princely houses of See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . His sister Eadgifu married See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles the See also:

• SIMPLE

Simple, Eadhild became the wife of See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh the Great, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of France, Eadgyth was married to the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto the Great, and her sister lElfgifu to a See also:

• PETTY, SIR WILLIAM (1623-1687)

petty See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince . Embassies passed between sEthelstan and Harold Fairhair, first king of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway, with the result that Harold's son See also:

• HAAKON (Old Norse Hdkon)

Haakon was brought up in England and is known in Scandinavian See also:

• HISTORY

history as Haakon Adalsteinsf6stri . lEthelstan died at See also:

• GLOUCESTER
• GLOUCESTER (abbreviated as pronounced Glo'ster)
• GLOUCESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• GLOUCESTER, GILBERT DE CLARE, EARL OF (1243-1295)
• GLOUCESTER, RICHARD DE CLARE, EARL OF (1222-1262)
• GLOUCESTER, ROBERT, EARL OF (d. 1147)
• GLOUCESTER, THOMAS OF WOODSTOCK, DUKE

Gloucester in 940, and was buried at See also:

• MALMESBURY
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HARRIS, IST EARL OF (1746-1820)
• MALMESBURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, 3RD EARL OF (1807-1889)

Malmesbury, an See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey which he had munificently endowed during his lifetime . Apparently he was never married, and he certainly had no issue .

A considerable See also:

• BODY

body of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law has come down to us in /Ethelstan's name . The chief collections are those issued at Grately in See also:

• HAMPSHIRE (or COUNTY OF SOUTHAMPTON, abbreviated HANTS)

Hampshire, at Exeter, at Thunresfeld, and the Judicia civitatis Lundonie . In the last-named one See also:

• PERSONAL

personal touch is found when the king tells the See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop how grievous it is to put to death persons of twelve winters for stealing . The king secured the raising of the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age limit to fifteen .