See also:

• ATRIUM (either from ater, black, referring to the blackening of the walls from the smoke of the hearth, or from the Greek aiOpeov, open to the sky, or from an Etruscan town, Atria, where the style of building is supposed to have originated)

ATRIUM (either from ater, See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black, referring to the blackening of the walls from the See also:

• SMOKE (from O. Eng. smeocan, to smoke, reek, cf. Dutch meek, Ger. Schmauch, probably allied to Gr. vol9caiv)

smoke of the See also:

• HEARTH (a word which appears in various forms in several Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch haard, German Herd, in the sense of " floor ")

hearth, or from the See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek aiOpeov, open to the See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky, or from an See also:

• ETRUSCAN

Etruscan See also:

• TOWN

town, Atria, where the See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style of See also:

• BUILDING

building is supposed to have originated)  , the See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal entrance See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall or See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman dwelling, giving See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access and See also:

• LIGHT

light to the rooms See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round it . The centre of the roof over the See also:

• ATRIUM (either from ater, black, referring to the blackening of the walls from the smoke of the hearth, or from the Greek aiOpeov, open to the sky, or from an Etruscan town, Atria, where the style of building is supposed to have originated)

atrium was open to the See also:

• SKY (M. Eng. skie, cloud; O. Eng. skua, shade; connected with an Indo-European root sku, cover, whence " scum," Lat. obscurus, dark, &c.)

sky and called the See also:

• COMPLUVIUM (from Lat. compluere, to flow together, i.e. in reference to the rain being collected and falling through)

compluvium; the See also:

• RAIN (O.E. regn; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Regen, Swed. and Dan. regn; it has been connected with Lat. rigare, to wet, Gr. 13pixeav)

rain-See also:

• WATER

water from the roof collected in the gutters was discharged into a See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble tank underneath, which was known as the See also:

• IMPLUVIUM

impluvium . In the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early periods of Roman See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization the atrium was the See also:

• COMMON

common public apartment, and was used for the reception of visitors and clients, and for See also:

• ORDINARY (med. Lat. ordinarius, Fr. ordinaire)

ordinary domestic purposes, as cooking and dining . In it were placed the ancestral pictures, the See also:

• MARRIAGE

marriage-See also:

• COUCH, DARIUS NASH (1822-1897)

couch, the See also:

• HEARTH (a word which appears in various forms in several Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch haard, German Herd, in the sense of " floor ")

hearth and generally a small See also:

• ALTAR (Lat. altare, from alias, high; some ancient etymological guesses are recorded by St Isidore of Seville in Etymologiae xv. 4)

altar . At a somewhat later See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, and among the wealthy, See also:

• SEPARATE

separate apartments were built for kitchens and dining-rooms, and the atrium was kept as a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general reception-See also:

• ROOM

room for clients and visitors . There were many varieties of the atrium, depending on the way in which the roof was carried . These are described by See also:

• VITRUVIUS (MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO)

Vitruvius under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• CAVAEDIUM

cavaedium . Other buildings, both consecrated and unconsecrated, were called by the See also:

• TERM

term (corresponding to the See also:

• ENGLISH

English " hall "), such as the Atrium Vestae, where the vestal virgins lived, and the Atrium Libertatis, the See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence of the See also:

• CENSOR (from Lat. censere, assess, estimate; in Gr. rt s ris)

censor, where Asinius See also:

• POLLIO, GAIUS ASINIUS (76 B.C.–A.D. 5; according to some, 75 B.C.–A.D. 4)

Pollio established the first public library at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome . The word atrium in Rome had a second signification, being given to an open court with porticos round, sometimes placed in front of a See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

temple . A similar arrangement was adopted by the early Christians with relation to the See also:

• BASILICA

Basilica, in front of which there was an open court surrounded by colonnades or arcades . The See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SAN

San Clemente at Rome, that of Sant' Ambrogio at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan and the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of See also:

• PARENZO

Parenzo in See also:

• ISTRIA (Ger. Istrien)

Istria still retain their atria .