AUBE  , a See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-eastern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, bounded N. by the department of See also:

• MARNE

Marne, N.W. by See also:

• SEINE
• SEINE (Lat. Sequana)
• SEINE, or SEAN (O. Fr. seigne, mod. seine, Lat. sagena, Gr. vaytivrl, a draw-net)

Seine-et-Marne, W. by See also:

• YONNE

Yonne, S. by Yonne and Cote-d'Or, and E. by Haute-Marne; it was formed in 1790 from Basse-See also:

• CHAMPAGNE

Champagne, and a small portion of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy . See also:

• AREA

Area, 2326 sq. m . Pop . (1906) 243,670 . The department belongs to the Seine See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

basin, and is watered chiefly by the Seine and the Aube . These See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers follow the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general slope of the department, which is from See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east, where the Bois du Mont (1200 ft.), the highest point, is situated, to north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west . The See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern and eastern districts are fertile and well wooded . The See also:

• REMAINDER, REVERSION

remainder of the department, with the exception of a more broken and picturesque See also:

• DISTRICT

district in the extreme north-west, forms See also:

• PART

part of the sterile and monotonous See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain known as Champagne Pouilleuse . The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is mild but See also:

• DAMP

damp . The See also:

• ANNUAL

annual rainfall over the greater part varies from 24 to 28 in.; but in the extreme south-east it at times reaches a height of 36 in . Aube is an agricultural department; more than one-third of its See also:

• SURFACE

surface consists of arable See also:

• LAND

land of which the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief products are See also:

• WHEAT
• WHEAT (Triticum)

wheat and oats, and next to them See also:

• RYE

rye, See also:

• BARLEY (Hordeum sativum)

barley and potatoes; vegetables are extensively cultivated in the valleys of the Seine and the Aube . The See also:

• VINE

vine flourishes chiefly on the hills of the south-east; the wines of See also:

• LES

Les Riceys, See also:

• BAR
• BAR (0. Fr. barre, Late Lat. barra, origin unknown)
• BAR, CONFEDERATION OF
• BAR, FRANCOIS DE (1538-1606)
• BAR, THE

Bar-sur-Aube, See also:

• BOUILLY, JEAN NICOLAS (1763-1842)

Bouilly and Laines-aux-Bois are most esteemed .

The See also:

• RIVER

river valleys abound in natural pasture, and See also:

• SAINFOIN

sainfoin, See also:

• LUCERNE
• LUCERNE (Ger. Luzern; Ital. Lucerne)
• LUCERNE, LAKE OF
• LUCERNE, PURPLE MEDICK

lucerne and other See also:

• FORAGE

forage crops are largely grown; See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle-raising is an important source of See also:

• WEALTH

wealth, and the cheeses of See also:

• TROYES

Troyes are well known . There are excellent nurseries and orchards in the neighbourhood of Troyes, Bar-sur-Seine, Wry-our-Seine and Brienne . See also:

• CHALK

Chalk, from which See also:

• BLANC, (JEAN JOSEPH CHARLES) LOUIS (1811-1882)
• BLANC, MONT

blanc de Troyes is manufactured, and See also:

• CLAY (from O. Eng. claeg, a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Klei)
• CLAY, CASSIUS MARCELLUS (1810-1903)
• CLAY, CHARLES (1801–1893)
• CLAY, FREDERIC (1838–1889)
• CLAY, HENRY (1777–1852)

clay are abundant; and there are See also:

• PEAT (possibly connected with Med. Lat. petia, pecia, piece, ultimately of Celtic origin; cf. O. Celt. pet, O. Ir. pit, Welsh peth, portion)

peat workings and quarries of See also:

• BUILDING

building-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone and See also:

• LIMESTONE

limestone . The See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning and See also:

• WEAVING

weaving of See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and the manufacture of See also:

• HOSIERY

hosiery, of both of which Troyes is the centre, are the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• INDUSTRIES

industries of the department; there are also a large number of distilleries, tanneries, oil See also:

• WORKS

works, See also:

• TILE (0. Eng. tigel, Fr. tuile, connected with Lat. tegula)

tile and See also:

• BRICK (derived according to some etymologists from the Teutonic bricke, a disk or plate; but more authoritatively, through the French brique, originally a " broken piece," applied especially to bread, and so to clay, from the Teutonic brikan, to break)

brick works, See also:

• FLOUR

flour-See also:

• MILLS, JOHN (d. 1736)
• MILLS, ROGER QUARLES (1832– )

mills, saw-mills and dye-works . The Eastern railway has works at See also:

• ROMILLY, JOHN ROMILLY, 1ST BARON (1802-1874)
• ROMILLY, SIR SAMUEL (1757-1818)

Romilly, and there are See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron works at See also:

• CLAIRVAUX

Clairvaux and See also:

• WIRE (A.S. wir, a wire; cf. Swed. vire, to twist, M.H.G. wiere, a gold ornament, Lat. viriae, armlets, ultimately from the root wi, to twist, bind)

wire-See also:

• DRAWING

drawing works at Plaines; but owing to the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of See also:

• COAL

coal and iron mines, See also:

• METAL
• METAL (through Fr. from Lat. metallum, mine, quarry, adapted from Gr. µATaXAov, in the same sense, probably connected with ,ueraAAdv, to search after, explore, µeTa, after, aAAos, other)

metal working is of small importance . The exports of Aube consist of See also:

• TIMBER

timber, cereals, agricultural products, hosiery, See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, dressed pork, &c.; its imports include See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool and raw cotton, coal and machinery, especially looms . The department is served by the Eastern railway, of which the main See also:

• LINE

line to See also:

• BELFORT
• BELFORT, TERRITOIRE
• BELFORT, TERRITORY OF

Belfort crosses it . The river Aube is navigable for 28 m . (from Arcis-sur-Aube to its confluence with the Seine); the See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

Canal de la Haute-Seine extends beside the Seine from Bar-sur-Seine to Marcilly (just outside the department) a distance of 46 m.; below Marcilly the Seine is canalized . Aube is divided into 5 arrondissements with 26 cantons and 446 communes . It falls within the educational circumscription (academie) of See also:

• DIJON

Dijon and the military circumscription of the XX. See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army See also:

• CORPS (pronounced as in French, from which it is taken, being a late spelling of tors, from Lat. corpus, a body; cf. " corpse ")

corps; its See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of See also:

• APPEAL

appeal is in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . It constitutes the See also:

• DIOCESE (formed on Fr. diocese, in place of the Eng. form diocess—current until the 19th century—from Lat. dioecesis, med. Lat. variant diocesis, from Gr. Swucio•tc, " house-keeping," " administration," &miceas, " to keep house," " to govern ")

diocese of Troyes and part of the archiepiscopal See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• SENS

Sens .

The See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the department is Troyes; of the arrondissements the capitals are Troyes, Bar-sur-Aube, Arcis-sur-Aube, Bar-sur-Seine and Nogent-sur-Seine . The See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture of the department is chiefly displayed in its churches, many of which possess stained See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . Besides the See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral and other churches of Troyes, those of Mussy-sur-Seine (13th century), Chaource (16th century) and Nogent-sur-Seine (15th and 16th centuries), are of See also:

• NOTE
• NOTE (Lat. nota, mark, sign, from noscere, to know)

note . The See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

abbey buildings of Clairvaux are the type of the Cistercian abbey .