See also:

• PIERRE

PIERRE See also:

• AUBUSSON
• PIERRE AUBUSSON

AUBUSSON  D' (1423—1503), See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem, and a zealous opponent of the See also:

• TURKS

Turks, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in 1423 . He belonged to a See also:

• NOBLE, SIR ANDREW (1832- )

noble See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• FAMILY

family, and See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early devoted himself to the career of a soldier in the service of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• SIGISMUND (1368-1437)

Sigismund . Under the See also:

• ARCHDUKE (Lat. archidux, Ger. Erzherzog)

archduke See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria he took See also:

• PART

part in a See also:

• CAMPAIGN

campaign against the Turks, and on his return to See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France sided with the Armagnacs against the Swiss, greatly distinguishing himself at the See also:

• BATTLE

battle of St See also:

• JACOB
• JACOB, JOHN (1812-1858)

Jacob in 1444 . He then joined the order of the knights of See also:

• RHODES
• RHODES, CECIL JOHN (1853-1902)
• RHODES, JAMES FORD

Rhodes, and success-fully conducted an expedition against the pirates of the See also:

• LEVANT

Levant and an See also:

• EMBASSY

embassy to See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles VII . He soon See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

rose to the most important offices in the order, and in 1476 was elected grand-master . It was the See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period of the conquests of Mahommed II., who, supreme in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East, now began to threaten See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . In See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1479 a large See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish See also:

• FLEET

fleet appeared in sight of Rhodes; a landing was effected, and a vigorous attack made upon the See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . But in See also:

• JULY

July of the next See also:

• YEAR

year, being reinforced from See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, the knights forced the Mussulmans to retire, leaving behind them 9000 dead . The See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege, in which d'See also:

• AUBUSSON
• AUBUSSON, PIERRE

Aubusson was seriously wounded, enhanced his renown throughout Europe . Mahommed was furious, and would have attacked the See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island again but for his See also:

• DEATH

death in 1481 . His See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession was disputed between his sons Bayezid and Jem . The latter, after his defeat by Bayezid, sought See also:

• REFUGE

refuge at Rhodes under a safe-conduct from the grand-master and the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the knights .

What followed remains a stain on d'Aubusson's memory . Rhodes not being considered secure, Jem with his own consent was sent to France . Mean-while, in spite of the safe-conduct, d'Aubusson accepted an See also:

• ANNUITY (from Lat. annus, a year)

annuity of 45,000 ducats from the See also:

• SULTAN (an Arabic word meaning " victorious " or " a ruler," sultat, dominion)

sultan; in return for which he undertook to guard Jem in such a way as to prevent his See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design of appealing to the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers to aid him against his See also:

• BROTHER

brother . For six years Jem, in spite of frequent efforts to See also:

• ESCAPE (in mid. Eng. eschape or escape, from the O. Fr. eschapper, modern echapper, and escaper, low Lat. escapium, from ex, out of, and cappa, cape, cloak; cf. for the sense development the Gr. iichueoOat, literally to put off one's clothes, hence to sli

escape, was kept a See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close prisoner in various castles of the Rhodian order in France, until in 1489 he was handed over to See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent VIII., who had been vying with the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples for the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of so valuable a See also:

• POLITICAL

political weapon . D'Aubusson's See also:

• REWARD

reward was a See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal's See also:

• HAT

hat (1489), and the See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power to confer all benefices connected with the order without the See also:

• SANCTION (Lat. sanctia, from sancire, to decree or ordain)

sanction of the papacy; the order of St John received the See also:

• WEALTH

wealth of the suppressed orders of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy See also:

• SEPULCHRE, CANONS REGULAR OF THE HOLY
• SEPULCHRE, EASTER
• SEPULCHRE, THE HOLY

Sepulchre and St See also:

• LAZARUS (a contracted form of the Heb. name Eleazar, " God has helped," Gr. Aiq-apos)
• LAZARUS, EMMA (1849–1887)
• LAZARUS, HENRY (1815–1895)
• LAZARUS, MORITZ (1824–1903)
• LAZARUS, ST, ORDER OF

Lazarus . The remaining years of his See also:

• LIFE

life d'Aubusson spent in the See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to restore discipline and zeal in his order, and to organize a grand See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international crusade against the Turks . The See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of the See also:

• RENAISSANCE, THE

Renaissance, with See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander See also:

• BORGIA, CESARE
• BORGIA, FRANCIS (1510-1572)
• BORGIA, LUCREZIA (1480-1519)

Borgia on the See also:

• THRONE

throne of St See also:

• PETER
• PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
• PETER (PEDRO)
• PETER, EPISTLES OF
• PETER, ST

Peter, was, however, not favourable to such an enterprise; the death of Jem in 1495 had removed the most formidable weapon available against the sultan; and when in 15o1 d'Aubusson led an expedition against Mytilene, dissensions among his See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley See also:

• HOST

host rendered it wholly abortive . The old See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man's last years were embittered by chagrin at his failure, which was hardly compensated by his success in extirpating Judaism in See also:

• AUCH

AUCH Rhodes, by expelling all adult See also:

• JEWS
• JEWS (Heb. Y8hudi, man of Judah; Gr. 'Iovbaiot; Lat. Judaei)

Jews and forcibly baptizing their See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . In the summer of 1503 he died . See P . See also:

• BOUHOURS, DOMINIQUE (1628-1702)

Bouhours, Hist. de See also:

• PIERRE

Pierre d'Aubusson (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1676; See also:

• HAGUE, THE (in Dutch, 's Gravenhage, or, abbreviated, den Haag; in Fr. La Haye; and in Late Lat. Haga Comitis)

Hague, 1793; abridged ed . See also:

• BRUGES (Flemish Brugge, a name signifying the bridge or place of bridges)

Bruges, 1887); G .

E . Streck, Pierre d'Aubusson, Grossmeister, &c . (See also:

• CHEMNITZ
• CHEMNITZ (or KEMNITZ), MARTIN (1522-1586)

Chemnitz, 1873) ; J . B . See also:

• BURY
• BURY, JOHN BAGNELL (1861- )

Bury in See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge Mod . Hist. vol. i. p . 85, &c . (for relations with Jem) .