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AUDE
JEAN BAPTISTE AUDEBERT (1759-1800)
AUDEFROI LE BATARD
AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)
AUDIT
BARON THOMAS AUDLEY AUDLEY (c. 1488-1544)
AUDLEY, or AUDELEY, SIR JAMES (c. 1316-1386)
JEAN VICTOR AUDOUIN (1797-1841)
AUDRAN
EDMOND AUDRAN (1842-19o1)
ARNOUL AUDREHEM
JOHN JAMES AUDUBON (1780-1851)
BERTHOLD AUERBACH (1812-1882)
GRAF VON ANTON ALEXANDER AUERSPERG (18(36-1876)
AUFIDENA
AUGEAS, or AUGEIAS
AUGER (from the O. Eng. nafu-gar, nave-borer; the original initial n having been lost, as in " adder," through a confusion in the case of a preceding indefinite article)
PIERRE FRANCOIS CHARLES AUGEREAU
AUGHRIM, or AGHRIM
GUILLAUME VICTOR SMILE AUGIER (182o-1889)
AUGITE
AUGMENT (Lat. augere, to increase)
AUGMENTATION
AUGSBURG
CONFESSION OF AUGSBURG
WAR OF THE LEAGUE OF AUGSBURG
AUGURS
AUGUST (originally Sextilis)
AUGUST CARPZOV (1612-1683)
AUGUSTA
AUGUSTA BAGIENNORUM
AUGUSTA PRAETORIA SALASSORUM (mod. Aosta, q.v.)
AUGUSTAN HISTORY
JOHANN CHRISTIAN WILHELM AUGUSTI (1772-1841)
SAINT AUGUSTINE (354-430)
SAINT AUGUSTINE (d. c.613)
AUGUSTINIAN CANONS
AUGUSTINIAN HERMITS, or FRIARS
AUGUSTINIANS
AUGUSTOWO
AUGUSTUS (a name 1 derived from Lat. augeo, increase, i.e. venerable, majestic, Gr. Ee0avr6s)
AUGUSTUS HENRY FITZROY
AUGUSTUS I
AUGUSTUS II
AUGUSTUS III
AUGUSTUS JOHN HERVEY
AUGUSTUSBAD
AUK
FRANCOIS AULARD
AULIS
AULNOY (or AuNOY), MARIE CATHERINE LE JUMEL DE BARNEVILLE DE LA MOTTE, BARONNE
AULOS (Gr. abXos; Lat. tibia; Egyptian hieroglyphic, Ma-it ; medieval equivalents, shalm, chalumeau, schalmei, hautbois)
AULUS CAECINA ALIENUS
AUMALE
HENRI EUGENE PHILIPPE LOUIS AUMALE
AUMONT
AUNCEL (from the Anglo-Fr. auncelle, a confused derivation from l'auncelle, Ital. lancella, a little balance)
AUNDH
RICHARD AUNGERVYLE (1287–1345)
AUNT SALLY
AURA (from the Gr. for " breath " or " breeze ")
AURANGABAD, or AURUNGABAD
AURANGZEB (1618-1707)
AURAY
VIA AURELIA
AURELIAN [Lucius DoMITIus AURELIANUS]
CAELIUS AURELIANUS
LOUIS JEAN BAPTISTE AURELLE DE PALADINES
AUREOLE AUREOLA (diminutive of Lat. aura, air)
AURICH
AURICLE (from Lat. diminutive of auris, ear)
AURICULA (Primula auricula)
AURIFABER (the latinized form of Goldschmidt)
AURIGA (the " charioteer " or " waggoner ")
AURILLAC
AURISPA
AUROCHS (from Lat. urns, the wild ox, and " ox ")
AURORA
AURORA (perhaps through a form ausosa from Sansk. ush, to burn ; the common idea of " brightness " suggests a connexion with aurum, gold)
AURORA POLARIS (Aurora Borealis and Australis, Polar Light, Northern Lights)
AURUNCI
AUSCULTATION (from Lat. auscultare, to listen)
DECIMUS MAGNUS AUSONIUS (c. 310-395)
AUSSIG (Czech Ousti ned Labem)
JANE AUSTEN (1775-1817)
AUSTERLITZ (Czech Slavkov)
AUSTIN
ALFRED AUSTIN
JOHN AUSTIN (179o-1859)
SARAH AUSTIN (1793-1867)
STEPHEN FULLER AUSTIN (1793-1836)
AUSTRALASIA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA AND
AUSTRALIA AND NEW
AUSTRALIA AND POLYNESIA
AUSTRALIAN REGION
AUSTRASIA
AUSTRIA
AUSTRIA AND HUNGARY
LOWER AUSTRIA (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
UPPER AUSTRIA (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")
AUSTRIAN
WAR OF AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION
WAR OF THE AUSTRIAN SUCCESSION (1740-1'748)
AUT
AUTH0RITIES
AUTH6RITIES
AUTHDAITIES
AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)
AUTHGRITIES
AUTHO
AUTHO BITIES
AUTHOIITIES
AUTHORIT1ES
AUTHORITIBS
AUTHORITILS
AUTI30RITIES
AUTIIORITIES
AUTOCEPHALOUS (from Gr. abaes, self, and Ke¢aXi7, head)
AUTOCHTHONES (Gr. drabs, and xO(:ov, earth, i.e. people sprung from earth itself; Lat. terrigenae; see also under ABORIGINES)
AUTOCLAVE
AUTOCRACY (Gr. abroepareca, absolute power)
AUTOGAMY (from Gr. aeros, self, and yaµia, marriage)
AUTOGENOUS AUTOGENY (Gr. abroyevi7s)
AUTOGRAPHS
AUTOLYCUS
AUTOLYCUS OF PITANE
AUTOMATIC WRITING
AUTOMATISM
AUTOMATON (from aurOs,self, and uiw, to seize)
AUTOMORPHISM (from Gr. abr6s, self, and popcb , form)
AUTONOMY (Gr. abr6s, self, and v6pos, law)
AUTOPSY (Gr. aisros, self, and i4'tc, sight, investigation)
JOSEPH AUTRAN (1813-1877)
AUTRORITIES
AUTUN
AUTUNITE
AUVERGNE
AUXANOMETER (Gr. ab iu'av, to increase, µfTpov, measure)
AUXENTIUS (fl. c. 370)
AUXERRE
AUXILIARY (from Lat. auxilium, help)
AUXIMUM (mod. Osimo)
AUXONNE
AVA
AVADANA
AVAHI
AVALANCHE (adopted from a French dialectic form, avalance, descent)
AVALLON
AVALON (also written AVALLON, AVOLLON, AVILION and AVELION)
AVARS
AVATAR
AVAVA YYAWWWYA
AVE, or FIRN
AVEBURY
1ST BARON JOHN LUBBOCK AVEBURY (1834– )
AVEIA
AVEIRO
AVELLA (anc. Abella)
AVELLINO
Avenpace or Aben Pace] the name being corrupted by the Latins into Avempace i.e. son of the goldsmith known as Ibn Bajja or Ibn Sa'igh AVEMPACE [Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Yahya
RICHARD HEINRICH LUDWIG AVENARIUS (1843-1896)
AVENGER OF BLOOD
AVENGERS, or VENDICATORI
AVENTAIL, or AVANTAILLE (O. Fr. esventail, presumably from a Latin word exventaculum, air-hole)
AVENTINUS (1477-1534)
AVENTURINE, or AVANTURINE
AVENUE (the past participle feminine of Fr. avenir, to come to)
AVENZOAR, or ABUMERON [Abu Merwan 'Abdal-Malik ibn Zuhr]
AVERAGE
AVERNUS
AVERROES [Abul - Walid Muhammad ibn - Ahmad Ibn-Muhammad ibn-Rushd] (1126-1198)
AVERRUNCATOR
AVERSA
AVESNES
AVEYRON
AVEZZANO
AVG
AVGG
AVIANUS
AVIARY (from Lat. avis, a bird)
AVICENNA
RUFIUS FESTUS AVIENUS
AVIGLIANA
AVIGNON
AVILA
AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)
LUIS DE AVILA Y ZUNIGA (c.1490 C. 1560)
GIL GONZALEZ DE AVILA (c. 1577-1658)
AVILES
PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES (1519-1574)
AVIZANDUM (from Late Lat. avizare, to consider)
AVLONA (anc. Aulon; Ital. ' Valona; Alb. Vliona)
AVOCA
AVOCADO PEAR
CONTE AMEDEO AVOGADRO
AVOIRDUPOIS
AVON
AVONIAN
1ST VISCOUNT BARRY YELVERTON AVONMORE (1i36-18o5)
AVRANCHES
AVRELIAE
AWADIA
AWAJI
AWARD (from O. Fr. ewart, or esguart, cf. " reward ")
LOCH AWE
AWL (0. Eng. ael; at one time spelt nawl by a confusion with the indefinite article before it)
AXE (0. Eng. aex; a word common, in different forms, in the Teutonic languages, and akin to the Greek 41v17; the New English Dictionary prefers the spelling " ax ")
AXHOLME
AXILE
AXINITE
AXIOM (Gr. &iwµa)
AXIS (Lat. for " axle ")
AXIS OF
AXLE (in Mid. Eng. axel-tre, from O. Norweg. oxull-tre, cognate with the O. Eng. exe or eaxe, and connected with Sansk. dksha, Gr. a wv, and Lat. axis)
AXMINSTER
AXOLOTL
AYACUCHO
AYAH
ADELARDO LOPEZ DE AYALA Y HERRERA (1828–1879)
DON PEDRO LOPEZ DE AYALA (1332–1407)
AYLESBURY
AYLESFORD
LUCAS VASQUEZ DE AYLLON (c. t47'5-1526)
JOHN AYLMER (1521-1594)
AYMARA (anc. Cella)
AYMER, or 1ETHELMAR, OF VALENCE (d. 126o)
AYMESTRY LIMESTONE
AYR
JAKOB AYRER (?-16o5)
AYRSHIRE
WILLIAM EDWARD AYRTON (1847-1908)
SAMUEL AYSCOUGH (1745-1804)
AYSCUE (erroneously ASKEW or AYSCOUCU), SIR GEORGE (d. 1671)
WILLIAM EDMONSTOUNE AYTOUN (1813-1865)
AYTOUN, or AYTON, SIR ROBERT (1570-1638)
AYUB KHAN (1855– )
AYUNTAMIENTO
AYUTHIA
PIERRE HYACINTHE AZAIS (1766-1845)
AZALEA
AZAMGARH, or AZIMGARH
AZAN (Arabic for " announcement ")
DON JOSE NICHOLAS DE AZARA (1731-1804)
AZARIAH
MARQUIS MASSIMO TAPARELLI AZEGLIO
AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)
AZIMUTH (from the Arabic)
AZO (c. 1150-1230)
AZO COMPOUNDS
AZOIMIDE
AZORES (Acores), or WESTERN ISLANDS
AZOTH
AZOTUS
AZOV
SEA OF AZOV
AZOXIMES (furo [a.b.] diazoles)
AZTECS (from the Nahuatl word aztlan, " place of the Heron," or " Heron " people)
AZUAGA
AZUAY (sometimes written AssuAY)
DOMENICO ALBERTO AZUNI (1749-1827)
GOMES EANNES DE AZURARA (?-1474)
AZURE (derived, through the Romance languages, from the Arabic al-lazward, for the precious stone lapis lazuli, the initial 1 having dropped)
AZURITE, or CHESSYLITE
AZYMITES (Gr. It-, without; Sµn, leaven)
B1BI TOG R A PH IC ALNOTE
B1BLIOG RAPHY
B1BLIOGRAPHY
B1BLIOGRAPIY
FRANZ XAVER VON BAADER (1765–1841)
BAAL
BAALBEK
BAALBEK (anc. Heliopolis)
BAARN
BABADAG, or BABATAG
CHARLES BABBAGE (1792—1871)
BABEL
BABENBERG
BABER
FRANCOIS NOEL BABEUF (1760-t797)
BABIISM
ANTHONY BABINGTON (1561–1586)
CHURCHILL BABINGTON (1821-1889)
BABIRUSA (" pig-deer ")
BABOON (from the Fr. babuin, which is itself derived from Babon, the Egyptian deity to whom it was sacred)
BABRIUS
BABU
BABYLON (mod. Hillah)
BABYLONIA AND ASSYRIA
BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN RELIGION
BABYLONIAN CAPTIVITY
BABYLONIAN LAW
BACAU
BACCARAT
BACCHANALIA
BACCHYLIDES
BACCIO
JOHANN SEBASTIAN BACH (1685–1750)
KARL PHILIPP EMANUEL BACH (1714-1788)
BACHARACH
YAIR BACHARACH (1639-1702)
LOUIS PETIT DE BACHAUMONT (169o-1771)
ALEXANDER DALLAS BACHE (1806-1867)
FRANCIS EDWARD BACHE (1833–1888)
BACHELOR (from Med. Lat. baccalarius, with its late and rare variant baccalaris—cf. Ital. baccalare—through O. Fr. bacheler)
BACHIAN (Dutch Batjan)
BACKERGUNJE, or BAKARGANJ
BACKGAMMON
BACKHUYSEN, or BAKHUISEN, LUDOLF (1631-1708)
BACKNANG
BACKSCRATCHER
BACON
BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
FRANCIS BACON (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
JOHN BACON (1740–1799)
LEONARD BACON (1802–1881)
ROGER BACON (c. 1214-c. 1294)
SIR NICHOLAS BACON (1509-1579)
JOHN BACCONIUS] BACO BACONTHORPE [BACON (d. 1346)
JANOS BACSANYI (1763-1845)
BACTERIOLOGY
BACTRIA (Bactriana)
BACUP
BCD BAD
BADAGAS (literally " a Telugu man ")
BADAJOZ
BADAJOZ (formerly sometimes written Badajos)
BADAKSHAN
SISTO BADALOCCHIO
BADALONA (anc. Baetulo)
JOHN BADBY (d. 1410)
ROBERT BADDELEY (c. 1732–1794)
BADEN
GRAND DUCHY OF BADEN
BADENOCH
BADENWEILER
BADGER
BADGHIS (" home of the winds ")
CHARLES BADHAM (1813-1884)
JODOCUS BADIUS
BARON BARTHOLOMEW BADLESMERE (I275-1322)
BADMINTON, or GREAT BADMINTON
BADNUR
BADRINATH
BADULLA
KARL BAEDEKER (1801–1859)
JOHANN CHRISTIAN FELIX BAEHR (1798–1872)
BAEL FRUIT (Aegle marmelos)
BAENA
KARL ERNST VON BAER (1792-1876)
WILLIAM JACOB BAER (186o– )
BAETYLUS (Gr. fairvXos, (3aeri)Xzov)
JOHANN FRIEDRICH WILHELM ADOLF VON BAEYER (1835– )
BAEZA (anc. Beatia)
BAFFIN BAY
WILLIAM BAFFIN (1584–1622)
BAGAMOYO
BAGATELLE (French, from Ital. bagatella,.bagata, a trifle)
BAGDAD, or BAGHDAD
WALTER BAGEHOT (1826-1877)
BAGELKHAND, or BAGHELKEAND
BAGGARA (" Cowherds ")
JENS IMMANUEL BAGGESEN (1764-1826)
BAGGING
BAGHAL
BAGHERIA
BAGILLT
BAGIRMI
BARTOLOMMEO BAGNACAVALLO (1484-1542)
BAGOAS
PRINCE PETER BAGRATION (1765-1812)
BAGSHOT BEDS
BAH
BAHADUR KHEL
BAHADUR SHAH I
BAHADUR SHAH II
BAHAMAS (Lucayos)
BAHAWALPUR, or BHAWALPUR
BAHIA
BAHIA BLANCA
BAHR
BAHRAICH
BAHRAIN (Varahrdn, in Gr. Ovapapavrls or Ofipapavns, the younger form of the old Verethragna, the name of a Persian god, "the killer of the dragon Verethra")
KARL FRIEDRICH BAHRDT (1741-1792)
BAHREIN ISLANDS
BAHUT (a French word of unknown origin)
BAIDAWI ('Abdallah ibn 'Umar al-BaidawI)
BAIKAL (known to the Mongols as Dalai-nor, and to the Turkish tribes as Bai-kul)
WILLIAM BALFOUR BAIKIE (1824-1864)
BAIL
BAILEY (said to be a corruption of Ballium by some, and derived by others from the Fr. baille, a corruption of bataille, because there the soldiers were drilled in battle array)
NATHAN BAILEY
PHILIP JAMES BAILEY (1816-1902)
SAMUEL BAILEY (1791-1870)
BAILIFF
ADRIEN BAILLET (1649-1706)
JOANNA BAILLIE (1762-1851)
LADY GRIZEL BAILLIE (1665-1746)
ROBERT BAILLIE (1602-1662)