See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

AUDIENCE (from See also:

• LAT

Lat. audire, to hear)  , the See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act or See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• HEARING (formed from the verb " to hear," O. Eng. hyran, heron, &c., a common Teutonic verb; cf. Ger. Koren, Dutch hooren, &c.; the O. Tent. form is seen in Goth. hausjan; the initial h makes any connexion with " ear," Lat. audire, or Gr. &Kobew very doub

hearing, the See also:

• TERM

term being therefore transferred to those who hear or listen, as in a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, at a See also:

• CONCERT (through the French from Lat. con-, with, and certare, to strive)

concert or See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting . In a more technical sense, the term is applied to the right of See also:

• ACCESS (Lat. accessus)

access to the See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign enjoyed by the peers of the See also:

• REALM

realm individually and by the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons collectively . More particularly it means the ceremony of the See also:

• ADMISSION

admission of ambassadors, envoys or others to an interview with a sovereign or an important See also:

• OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

official for the purpose of presenting their See also:

• CREDENTIALS (lettres de creance)

credentials . In See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience is the term applied to the sitting of a See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court for hearing actions . In See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, audiencia is the name given to certain tribunals which try appeals from See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor courts . The See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges were originally known as oidores, hearers, from the Spanish oir, to hear; but they are now called ministros, or magistrados togados, robed judges, as the See also:

• GOWN

gown of the Spanish See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge is called a toga . The audiencia pretorial, i. e. of the See also:

• PRAETOR (Lat. prae-itor, " he who goes before," "a leader")

praetor, was a court in Spanish See also:

• AMERICA

America from which there was no See also:

• APPEAL

appeal to the See also:

• VICEROY (from O. Fr. viceroy, mod. viceroi, i.e. Lat. vice, in place of, and roy or roi, king)

viceroy, but only to the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of the Indies in Spain . It is not the See also:

• CUSTOM (from O. Fr. costume, costume or coustume; Low Lat. costuma, a shortened form of consuetudo)

custom in Spain to speak of audiencias reales, royal courts, but of the audiencias del Reino, courts of the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . In See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England the Audience-court was an ecclesiastical court, held by the archbishops of See also:

• CANTERBURY
• CANTERBURY, CHARLES

Canterbury and See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, in which they once exercised a considerable See also:

• PART

part of their See also:

• JURISDICTION
• JURISDICTION, CRIMINAL LAW, DIVORCE

jurisdiction, dealing with such matters as they thought See also:

• FIT

fit to reserve for their own hearing . It has been See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long disused and is now merged in the court of See also:

• ARCHES, COURT OF

arches . AUDIFFRET-See also:

• PASQUIER, ETIENNE (1529-1615)
• PASQUIER, ETIENNE DENIS

PASQUIER, EDM$ ARMAND GASTON, Duc D' (1823-1905), See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French statesman, was the See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew and adopted son of See also:

• BARON
• BARON (1835-1895)
• BARON, MICHEL (1653—1729)

Baron See also:

• ETIENNE, CHARLES GUILLAUME (1778-1845)

Etienne See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis Pasquier . He was created See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke in 1844, and became auditor at the council of state in 1846 .

After the revolution of 1848 he retired to private See also:

• LIFE

life . Under the See also:

• EMPIRE

empire he was twice an unsuccessful See also:

• CANDIDATE

candidate for the legislature, but was elected in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1871 to the See also:

• NATIONAL

National See also:

• ASSEMBLY, UNLAWFUL

Assembly, and became See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the right centre in 1873 . After the fall of See also:

• THIERS

Thiers, he directed the negotiations between the different royalist parties to establish a See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king in France, but as he refused to give up the tricolour for the See also:

• FLAG (or " FLAGGE," a common Teutonic word in this sense, but apparently first recorded in English)

flag of the old regime, the project failed . Yet he retained the confidence of the chamber, and was its president in 1875 when the constitutional See also:

• LAWS

laws were being See also:

• DRAWN

drawn up . Nominated senator under the new constitution, he likewise was president of the See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate from See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1876 to 1879 when his party lost the See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority . Henceforth he was less prominent in politics . He was distinguished by his moderation and uprightness; and he did his best to dissuade See also:

• MACMAHON, MARIE

MacMahon from taking violent advisers . In 1878 he was elected to the French See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy, but never published anything .