See also:

• AURICULA (Primula auricula)

AURICULA (Primula auricula)  , an Alpine plant, which has been an inmate of See also:

• BRITISH

British gardens for about three See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred years, and is still prized by florists as a favourite See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring See also:

• FLOWER (Lat. flos, floris; Fr. fleur)
• FLOWER, SIB

flower . It loves a cool See also:

• SOIL

soil and shady situation . The florists' varieties are grown in See also:

• RICH, BARNABE (c. 1540-1617)
• RICH, CLAUDIUS JAMES (1787-1821)
• RICH, JOHN (1692-1761)
• RICH, PENELOPE, LADY (c. 1562–1607)
• RICH, RICHARD, 1ST BARON RICH (1490?-1567)

rich composts, for the preparation of which number-less receipts have been given; but many of the old nostrums are now exploded, and a more rational treatment has taken their See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place . Thus Mr See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas writes (See also:

• HARDY, ALEXANDRE (1569?-1631)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS DUFFUS (1804-1878)
• HARDY, SIR THOMAS MASTERMAN
• HARDY, THOMAS (1840- )

Hardy Florists' See also:

• FLOWERS, ARTIFICIAL

Flowers) : " There is no See also:

• MYSTERY (Gr. µw(Trilpcov, from tcuvrm, an initiate, µfew, to shut the mouth)

mystery, as some suppose, about the potting, any more than there is about the potting material . The compost should consist of turfy See also:

• LOAM (O.E. lam; the word appears in Dut. leem and Ger. Lehm; the ultimate origin is the root lai-, meaning " to be sticky," which is seen in the cognate " lime," Lat. limus, mud, clay)

loam four parts, See also:

• LEAF (O. Eng. leaf, cf. Dutch loof, Ger. Laub, Swed. lof, &c.; possibly to be referred to the root seen in Gr. Ma-eta, to peel, strip)

leaf-See also:

• MOULD

mould one See also:

• PART

part, See also:

• SHARP, GRANVILLE (1735-1813)
• SHARP, JAMES (1618-1679)
• SHARP, JOHN (1645-1714)
• SHARP, RICHARD (1759-1835)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1749-1824)
• SHARP, WILLIAM (1856-1905)

sharp See also:

• RIVER

river or See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• SAND
• SAND, GEORGE (1804-1876)

sand one part, and a few bits of broken See also:

• CHARCOAL

charcoal mixed with it . The pots to be used should be from 3 to 41 in. in See also:

• DIAMETER (from the Cr. &a, through, µErpov, measure)

diameter, inside measure; about I in. of potsherds should be placed in the bottom of each pot, and over this some fibrous See also:

• TURF

turf, from which the See also:

• FINE

fine particles of See also:

• EARTH
• EARTH (a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Erde, Dutch aarde, Swed. and Dan. jord; outside Teutonic it appears only in the Gr. 'pq'e, on the ground; it has been connected by some etymologists with the Aryan root ar-, to plough, which is seen in
• EARTH, FIGURE OF
• EARTH, FIGURE OF THE

earth have been removed . The old soil should be shaken from the roots of the See also:

• PLANTS

plants to be potted; and before potting cut off, if necessary, a portion of the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root . In potting See also:

• PRESS (through Fr. presse from Lat. pressare, frequentative of premere, to crush, squeeze, press)

press the soil rather firmly around the roots." Auriculas are best grown in a See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold See also:

• FRAME

frame mounted on legs about 2 ft. from the ground, and provided with hinged sashes . A graduated See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage formed of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood battens 6 in. broad, with a rise of 2 in., should be fixed so as to take each one See also:

• ROW, JOHN (c. 1525—1580)

row of pots, with the plants See also:

• STANDING

standing at about 15 in. from the See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass; the spaces between the shelves should be closed, while the See also:

• TOP (cf. Dan. top, Ger. Topf, also meaning pot)

top See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of the back and the front should be hinged so as to be let down when desired for See also:

• VENTILATION (Lat. ventilare, from ventus, wind)

ventilation, the sashes, too, being movable for the same purpose, and also to afford facilities for examining and attending to the plants . This frame should See also:

• FACE (from Lat. fades, derived either from facere, to make, or from a root fa-, meaning " appear "; cf. Gr. cbatvstv)

face the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north from May to See also:

• OCTOBER

October, and See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter . No See also:

• PROTECTION

protection will be needed except in very severe frosts, when two or three thicknesses of See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden mats may be thrown over the glass, and allowed to remain on until the soil is thawed, should it become frozen . Auriculas may be propagated from See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed, which is to be sown as soon as ripe, in See also:

• JULY

July or See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August, in boxes, kept under See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover, and exposed only to the rays of the See also:

• MORNING

morning See also:

• SUN
• SUN (0. Eng. sonne, Ger. sonne. Fr. soleil, Lat. sol, Gr. ijXior, from which comes helio- in various English compounds)

sun .

When seed has been saved from the finer sorts, the operation is one of consider-able nicety, as it not unfrequently happens that the best seedlings are at first exceedingly weak . They generally flower in the second or third See also:

• YEAR

year, a few See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good sorts being all that can be expected from a large See also:

• SOWING (from "to sow," O. Eng. shwan, cf. Du. zaaijen, Ger. saen, &c.; the root is seen in Lat. severe, cf. "seed")

sowing . The established varieties are increased by taking off the offshoots, an operation performed at the See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time of potting in July or the beginning of August . But some varieties are very shy in producing offsets . The See also:

• ORIGINAL

original of the See also:

• AURICULA (Primula auricula)

auricula is a hardy perennial See also:

• HERB (Lat. herba, grass, food for cattle, generally taken to represent the Old Lat. forbea, Gr. 4op(3i1, pasture, <0p/3Ew, to feed, Sans. bharb, to eat)

herb, of See also:

• DWARF (A.S. dweorg, D. dwerg, Icel. dvergr)

dwarf See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit, bearing dull yellowish blossoms . This and the commoner forms raised from seed, as well as one or two See also:

• DOUBLE
• DOUBLE (from the Mid. Eng. duble, the form which gives the present pronunciation, through the Old Er. duble, from Lat. duplus, twice as much)

double forms, are interesting hardy border flowers . The choice florists' varieties are divided into five classes:—the See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

green-edged, with the margins of the flowers green; the See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey-edged, with the green margins powdered with See also:

• MEAL

meal so as to appear to be coloured grey; the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white-edged, with the mealy See also:

• POWDER (through O. Fr. puldre, modern poudre, from Lat. pulvis, pulveris, dust)

powder so dense as to cover the green; the selfs, which have none of the green variegation of margin seen in the foregoing, but are of some distinct See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour, as See also:

• PURPLE

purple, maroon, &c., but have, like the preceding, a white See also:

• PASTE (O. Fr. paste, modern pate, Late Lat. pasta, whence also in Span., Port. and Ital., from Gr. 1r&vrrl or 1raara, barley porridge, or salted pottage, ir&ao'ety, to sprinkle with salt)

paste surrounding the See also:

• EYE
• EYE (O. Eng. edge, Ger. Auge; derived from an Indo-European root also seen in Lat. oc-ulus, the organ of vision (q.v.)

eye ; and the alpines, which resemble the self s in not having any green marginal variegation, but differ in having a yellow centre more or less dense . The individual flowers of the first three See also:

• GROUPS
• GROUPS, THEORY

groups of florists' auriculas show four distinct circles:—first the eye or See also:

• TUBE (Lat. tuba)

tube, which should have the925 J stamens lying in it, but sometimes has the See also:

• PIN (a doublet with " pen " from Lat. pinna, feather, pinnacle, which is said to contain the same root as irirvs, pine tree, and properly to mean a sharp point or end)

pin-headed stigma instead, which is a defect; second, the paste or circle of pure white surrounding the eye; third, the See also:

• BODY

body colour, a circle of some dark tint, as maroon or See also:

• VIOLET

violet, which feathers out more or less towards the edge, but is the more perfect the less it is so feathered, and is quite faulty if it breaks through to the See also:

• OUTER

outer circle; See also:

• FOURTH

fourth, the margin, which is green or grey or white . These circles should be about equal in width and clearly defined, and the nearer they are to this See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard the more perfect is the flower . In the See also:

• GROUP

group of selfs the conditions are the same, except that there is no margin, and consequently the body colour, which should be See also:

• UNIFORM

uniform in See also:

• TONE, THEOBALD WOLFE (1763-1798)

tone, extends to the edge . In the alpines there should be no paste or white surrounding the eye, but this space should be either See also:

• GOLDEN

golden-yellow or creamy-yellow, which makes two subdivisions in this group; and the body colour is more or less distinctly shaded, the edges being of a paler See also:

• HUE

hue . There is besides a group of laced alpines, in which a distinct and See also:

• REGULAR

regular border of colour surrounds each of the marginal lobes .

The following is a selection of the best varieties cultivated in 1909:- Green-edged.—See also:

• ABBE (Serbo-Croatian Rai))

Abbe See also:

• LISZT, FRANZ (1811-1886)

Liszt, See also:

• ABRAHAM, or ABRAM (Hebrew for " father is high ")

Abraham See also:

• BARKER, EDMUND HENRY (1788–1839)

Barker, See also:

• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), JAMES (1596-1666)
• SHIRLEY (or SHERLEY), SIR ANTHONY (1565-c. 1635)
• SHIRLEY, WILLIAM (1694-1771)

Shirley Hibberd, See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince Charming, Mrs See also:

• HENWOOD, WILLIAM JORY (1805-1875)

Henwood . Grey-edged.—Amy See also:

• ROBSART

Robsart, See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George Lightbody, Marmion, See also:

• OLYMPUS

Olympus, George See also:

• RUDD

Rudd, See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard Headly . White-edged.—See also:

• ACME (Gr. 6.Kµii, point)

Acme, Conservative, Heather See also:

• BELL
• BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
• BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
• BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
• BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
• BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
• BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
• BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
• BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
• BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
• BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
• BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)

Bell, Mrs Dodson, See also:

• RACHEL (1821-1858)

Rachel, Smiling Beauty . Selfs.—See also:

• ANDREW (Gr. 'AvBp4as, manly)
• ANDREW, JOHN ALBION (1818-1867)

Andrew See also:

• MILLER, HUGH (1802–1856)
• MILLER, JOAQUIN (CINCINNATUS HEINE) (1841- )
• MILLER, JOE (JosEPH or JosIAS( (1684-1738)
• MILLER, SAMUEL FREEMAN (1816-1890)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1782-1849)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1795-1861)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1796–1882)
• MILLER, WILLIAM HALLOWES (18o1–188o)

Miller, Gerald, See also:

• MIKADO (Japanese for " exalted gate ")

Mikado, Mrs See also:

• PHILLIPS
• PHILLIPS, ADELAIDE (1833-1882)
• PHILLIPS, EDWARD (163o-1696)
• PHILLIPS, JOHN (1800—1874)
• PHILLIPS, SAMUEL (1814—1854)
• PHILLIPS, STEPHEN (1868– )
• PHILLIPS, THOMAS (1770-1845)
• PHILLIPS, WENDELL (1811-1884)

Phillips, Mrs Potts, See also:

• HARRISON
• HARRISON, BENJAMIN
• HARRISON, FREDERIC (1831— )
• HARRISON, JOHN (1693—1776)
• HARRISON, THOMAS (16o6-166o)
• HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER (1853– )
• HARRISON, WILLIAM (1534–1593)
• HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY (1773–1841)

Harrison See also:

• WEIR (from O. Eng. wer, a dam; cognate with werian, to defend, guard; cf. Ger. Wehr, defence)
• WEIR, ROBERT WALTER (1803-1889)

Weir . Alpines.—See also:

• ARGUS

Argus, See also:

• DEAN (Lat. decanus, derived from the Gr. 8eaa, ten)
• DEAN, FOREST OF

Dean Hole, See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

Duke of See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, See also:

• FIREFLY

Firefly, See also:

• FLORA

Flora Mclvor, Mrs Douglas, Mrs See also:

• MARKHAM, GERVASE (or JERVIS) (1568?-1637)
• MARKHAM, MRS
• MARKHAM, SIR CLEMENTS ROBERT (183o- )
• MARKHAM, WILLIAM (1719-1807)

Markham, Perfection, Phyllis, Rosy Morn, The See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

Bride, See also:

• TEVIOTDALE

Teviotdale .