AUSTIN  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of See also:

• TEXAS

Texas, U.S.A., and the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county-seat of Travis county, on the N. See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• COLORADO

Colorado See also:

• RIVER

river, near the centre of the See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state and about 145 M . W.N.W. of See also:

• HOUSTON
• HOUSTON, SAM, or SAMUEL (1793-1863)

Houston . Pop . (1890) 14,575; (1900) 22,258, of whom 5822 were negroes; (1910 See also:

• CENSUS (from Lat. censere, to estimate or assess; connected by some with centum, i.e. a count by hundreds)

census) 29;860 . Austin is served by the Houston & Texas Central, the See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International & See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• NORTHERN

Northern, and the See also:

• MISSOURI

Missouri, See also:

• KANSAS (known as the Sunflower State ")

Kansas & Texas See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is built on high bluffs 40-120 ft. above the river, which is spanned here by a See also:

• BRIDGE

bridge, built in 1874 . The Texas State Capitol, a handsome See also:

• BUILDING

building of red Texas See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, with a See also:

• DOME (Lat domus, house; Ital. duomo, cathedral)

dome 318 ft. high, cost more than $3,500,000, and stands in a square in the centre of the city . It was built (1881–1888) by See also:

• CHICAGO
• CHICAGO, UNIVERSITY OF

Chicago capitalists in See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange for a See also:

• LAND

land See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

grant of 3,000,000 acres . It is in the See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of a See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek See also:

• CROSS

cross, with an extreme length of 556.5 ft. and an extreme width of 288.8 ft . Next to the See also:

• NATIONAL

National Capitol at See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington, it is the largest capitol building in the See also:

• UNITED

United States, and it is said to be one of the ten largest buildings in the See also:

• WORLD

world . Austin is the seat of the University of Texas (opened in 1883; co-educational) ; the medical See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of the state university is at See also:

• GALVESTON

Galveston, and the departments in Austin are the See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college of arts, department of See also:

• EDUCATION

education, department of See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering, department of See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law, school of See also:

• PHARMACY

pharmacy, and school of See also:

• NURSING

nursing . The See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the university is vested in a See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of eight regents nominated by the See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor and appointed with the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice and consent of the state See also:

• SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate .

At Austin are also state institutions and asylums for the insane, the See also:

• BLIND, MATHILDE (1841—1896)

blind, the coloured See also:

• DEAF

deaf and blind; the state school for the deaf and dumb; the state Confederate See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home; the Confederate woman's home (1907 ; for wives and widows of Confederate soldiers and sailors), maintained by the Daughters of the Confederacy; St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary's See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

Academy (See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, under the supervision of the Sisters of the See also:

• HOLY

Holy Cross, founded 1875, chartered 1886); St See also:

• EDWARD

Edward's College (Roman Catholic, chartered 1885); the Austin Presbyterian Theological See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

Seminary (Presbyterian See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church, See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South), opened in 1902 by the See also:

• SYNOD
• SYNOD (Gr. vbvobos)

Synod of Texas, and after 1905 partly controlled by the Synod of See also:

• ARKANSAS

Arkansas; See also:

• TILLOTSON, JOHN (1630-1694)

Tillotson College (a See also:

• NEGRO (from Lat. eager, black)

negro school under Congregational See also:

• CONTROL (Fr. contrdle, older form contre rolle, from Med. Lat. contra-rotulus, a counter roll or copy of a document used to check the original; there is no instance in English of the use of " control " in this, its literal, meaning)

control, founded by the See also:

• AMERICAN

American Missionary Association, chartered in 1877, and opened in 1881) ; and See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Huston College (for negroes; Methodist Episcopal; opened in 1900 and named in See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

honour of an Iowan benefactor) . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• NEWSPAPERS

newspapers of Austin are the Statesman (Democratic, established in 1871), a See also:

• MORNING

morning See also:

• PAPER
• PAPER (Fr. papier, from Lat. papyrus)

paper, and the See also:

• TRIBUNE (med. Lat. tribune, from classical Lat. tribunal)

Tribune (Democratic, established in 1891), an evening paper . The Quarterly of the Texas State See also:

• HISTORICAL

Historical Society is published here . Austin is the principal See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade and jobbing centre for central and western Texas, is an important See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market for live-stock, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton, See also:

• GRAIN (derived through the French from Lat. granum, seed, from an Aryan root meaning " to wear down," which also appears in the common Teutonic word " corn ")

grain and See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool, and has extensive manufactories of See also:

• FLOUR

flour, cotton-See also:

• SEED (from the root seen in Lat. serere, to sow)

seed oil, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather goods, See also:

• LUMBER

lumber and wooden See also:

• WARE

ware; the value of the factory product in 1905 was $1,569,353, being 105.2 % more than in 1900 . The city owns and operates its See also:

• WATER

water-See also:

• SUPPLY (through Fr. from Lat. supplere, to fill up)

supply See also:

• SYSTEM

system . In 1890–1893 one of the largest dams in the world, an immense structure of granite See also:

• MASONRY

masonry, 1200 ft. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long, 6o-7o ft. high, and 18 to 66 ft. thick, was constructed across the Colorado river 2 M. above the city for the pur- supplying mater and See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, creating a See also:

• RESERVOIR

reservoir (See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake M`Donald) about 30 M. long . Freshets in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1900, pose of however, undermined the See also:

• WALL (O. Eng. weal, weall, Mid. Eng. wal, wane, adapted from Lat. vallum, rampart; the original O. Eng. word for a wall was wag or tenth)
• WALL, RICHARD (1694-1778)

wall, and on the 7th of See also:

• APRIL

April the See also:

• DAM

dam See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke with a resulting loss of several lives and about $1,000,000 See also:

• WORTH
• WORTH, CHARLES FREDERICK (1825-1895)

worth of See also:

• PROPERTY

property . The rebuilding of the dam was projected in 1907 . Austin was first settled in 1838 and was named See also:

• WATERLOO

Waterloo, but in 1839, when it was chosen as the site of the capital of the See also:

• REPUBLIC (Lat. respublica, a commonweal or common-wealth)

Republic of Texas, it was renamed in honour of See also:

• STEPHEN
• STEPHEN (1097?-1154)
• STEPHEN (ISTVAN) BATHORY (1533-1586)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES (1789-1859)
• STEPHEN, SIR JAMES FITZJAMES, BART
• STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE (1832-1904)

Stephen F . Austin, one of its founders . Under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

General Sam Houston the capita] was for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in 1842–1845 removed from Austin to Houston, but in 1845 an See also:

• ORDINANCE
• ORDINANCE, or ORDONNANCE

ordinance was passed making Austin the capital, and it remained the state capital after Texas entered the See also:

• UNION
• UNION (known locally as Union Hill and officially as Town of Union)

Union, although See also:

• HUNTSVILLE

Huntsville and Tehuacana Springs in 185o and Houston in 1872 attempted in popular elections See also:

• PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL" See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

GEOGRAPHY Physiography.—The salient features of the Australian See also:

• CONTINENT (from Lat. continere, "to hold together "; hence " connected," " continuous ")

continent are its compact outline, the See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence of navigable See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers communicating with the interior, the absence of active volcanoes or See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

snow-capped mountains, itschharacte (ared r . See also:

• ISOLATION

isolation from other lands, and its antiquity .

Some of the most profound changes that have taken See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place on this globe occurred in Mesozoic times, and a great portion of See also:

• AUSTRALIA

Australia was already dry land when vast tracts of See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• ASIA

Asia were submerged; in this sense, therefore, Australia has been rightly referred to as one of the See also:

• OLDEST

oldest existing land surfaces . It has been described as at once the largest See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island and the smallest continent on the globe . The general contours exemplify the law of geographers in regard to continents, viz. as to their having a high border around a depressed interior, and the highest mountains on the See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the greatest ocean . On the N . Australia is bounded by the See also:

• TIMOR
• TIMOR (Timur i Leng, the lame Timur)

Timor See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by See also:

• BASS
• BASS (the same word as " base," and so pronounced, but influenced in spelling by the Ital. basso)

Bass Strait and the See also:

• SOUTHERN

Southern Ocean; and on the W. by the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian Ocean . It stands up from the ocean depths in three fairly well-marked terraces . The basal See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain of these terraces is the See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of- the ocean, which on the Pacific side has an See also:

• AVERAGE

average See also:

• DEPTH

depth of 15,000 ft . From this profound See also:

• FOUNDATION (Lat. fundatio, from fundare, to found)

foundation rise Australia, New See also:

• GUINEA

Guinea and See also:

• MELANESIA

Melanesia, in varying slopes . The ledge rising from the ocean See also:

• FLOOR (from O. Eng. flor, a word common to many Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vloer, and Ger. Flur, a field, in the feminine, and a floor, masculine)

floor has a depth averaging 8000 ft. below sea-level . The See also:

• OUTER

outer edge of this ledge is roughly parallel to the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Western Australia, and more than 150 m. from the land . See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round the Australian See also:

• BIGHT (O. Eng. bight, bend; cf. Ger. Bucht, a bay, and beugen, to bend)

Bight it continues parallel to the coast, until south of See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

Spencer Gulf (the basal ledge still averaging 8000 ft. in depth) it sweeps southwards to See also:

• LAT

lat . 55°, and forms a submarine promontory See also:

• I000

I000 m. long .

The edge of the abysmal See also:

• AREA

area comes See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close to the eastern coasts of.See also:

• TASMANIA

Tasmania and New South See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, approaching to within 6o m. of Cape See also:

• HOWE
• HOWE, EIJAS (1819 — 1867)
• HOWE, JOHN (1630-17o6)
• HOWE, JOSEPH (1804–1873)
• HOWE, JULIA WARD (1819–1910)
• HOWE, RICHARD HOWE, EARL (1726-1799)
• HOWE, SAMUEL GRIDLEY (1801-1876)
• HOWE, WILLIAM HOWE, 5TH VISCOUNT (1729-1814)

Howe . The See also:

• TERRACE (Fr. terrace, terrasse, from It. terraccia, terrazzo, Lat. terra, earth)

terrace.closest to the land, known as the See also:

• CONTINENTAL

continental shelf, has an average depth of boo ft., and connects Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania in one unbroken sweep . Compared with other continents, the Australian continental shelf is extremely narrow, and there are points on the eastern coast where to be chosen in its place . The first Anglo-American See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement in Texas, established on the Brazos river in 1823 by members of the Austin See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, was See also:

• SAN

San Felipe de Austin now San Felipe . In 1909 Austin adopted a See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

commission form of government .