See also:

• AUTOMATON (from aurOs,self, and uiw, to seize)

AUTOMATON (from aurOs,self, and uiw, to seize)  , a self-moving See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

machine, or one in which the principle of See also:

• MOTION (Lat. motio, from movere, to move)
• MOTION, LAWS OF

motion is contained within the mechanism itself . According to this description, clocks, watches and all See also:

• MACHINES

machines of a similar See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind, are automata, but the word is generally applied to contrivances which simulate for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time the motions of See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal See also:

• LIFE

life . If the human figure and actions be represented, the See also:

• AUTOMATON (from aurOs,self, and uiw, to seize)

automaton has sometimes been called specially an androides . We have very See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early notices of the construction of automata, e.g. the tripods of See also:

• VULCAN (Volcanos)

Vulcan, and the moving figures of See also:

• DAEDALUS

Daedalus . In 400 B.C., See also:

• ARCHYTAS (c. 428—347 B.C.)

Archytas of See also:

• TARENTUM
• TARENTUM (Gr. rapas)

Tarentum is said to have made a wooden See also:

• PIGEON

pigeon that could See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly, and during the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle ages numerous instances of the construction of automata are recorded . See also:

• REGIOMONTANUS (1436-1476)

Regiomontanus is said to have made of See also:

• IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

iron a fly, which would flutter See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round the See also:

• ROOM

room and return to his See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, and also an See also:

• EAGLE (Fr. aigle, from the Lat. aquila)

eagle, which flew before the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• MAXIMILIAN
• MAXIMILIAN (1832—1867)

Maximilian when he was entering See also:

• NUREMBERG (Ger. Nurnberg)

Nuremberg . See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon is said to have forged a brazen See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head which spoke, and Albertus See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus to have had an androides, which acted as doorkeeper, and was broken to pieces by See also:

• AQUINAS, THOMAS [Thomas of AQUIN or AQUINO], (c 1227--1274)

Aquinas . Of these, as of some later instances, e.g. the figure constructed by See also:

• DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)

Descartes and the automata exhibited by Dr See also:

• CAMUS, ARMAND GASTON (1740-1804)
• CAMUS, CHARLES ETIENNE LOUIS (1699-1768)
• CAMUS, FRANCOIS JOSEPH DES (1672-1732)

Camus, not much is accurately known . But in the 18th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, Jacques de Vaucanson, the celebrated mechanician, exhibited three admirable figures, the See also:

• FLUTE

flute-player, the See also:

• TAMBOURINE (Fr. tambour de Basque; Ger. baskische Trommel, Tambourin, or Schellen-trommel)

tambourine-player, and the See also:

• DUCK

duck, which was capable of eating, drinking, and imitating exactly the natural See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice of that See also:

• FOWL (Dan. Fugl, Ger. Vogel)

fowl . The means by which these results had been produced were clearly seen, and a See also:

• GREAT

great impulse was given to the construction of similar figures . Knauss exhibited at See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna an automaton which wrote; a See also:

• FATHER

father and son named See also:

• DROZ
• DROZ, ANTOINE GUSTAVE (1832-1895)

Droz constructed several ingenious See also:

• MECHANICAL

mechanical figures which wrote and played See also:

• MUSIC

music; See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick See also:

• KAUFMANN, CONSTANTINE PETROVICH (1818-1882)

Kaufmann and Leonard Maelzel made automatic trumpeters who could See also:

• PLAY

play several See also:

• MARCHES, THE (It. Le Marche)

marches . The Swiss have always been celebrated for their mechanical ingenuity, and they construct most of the curious toys, such as flying and singing birds, which are frequently met with in See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

industrial exhibitions .

The greatest difficulty has generally been experienced in devising any mechanism which shall successfully simulate the human voice (not to be compared with the See also:

• GRAMOPHONE (an invented word, formed' on an inversion of " phonogram "; cbwvil, sound, ypaµµa, letter)

gramophone, which reproduces mechanically a real voice) . No See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt has been thoroughly successful, though many have been made . A figure exhibited by Fabermann of Vienna remains the best . Kempelen's famous See also:

• CHESS

chess-player for many years astonished and puzzled See also:

• EUROPE

Europe . This figure, however, was no true automaton, although the mechanical contrivances for concealing the real performer and giving effect to his desired movements were exceedingly ingenious . J . N . See also:

• MASKELYNE, NEVIL (1732-1811)

Maskelyne, in more See also:

• RECENT

recent times (1875-1880), has been prominent in exhibiting his automata, Psycho (who played See also:

• CARDS, PLAYING

cards) and Zoe (who See also:

• DREW
• DREW, SAMUEL (1765-1833)

drew pictures), at the See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

Hall, See also:

• LONDON

London, but the See also:

• SECRET (Lat. secretum, hidden, concealed)

secret of these contrivances was well kept .