AVERNUS  , a See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake of See also:

• CAMPANIA

Campania, See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy, about 11 m . N. of Baiae . It is an old volcanic See also:

• CRATER

crater, nearly 2 M. in circumference, now, as in See also:

• ROMAN

Roman times, filled with See also:

• WATER

water . Its See also:

• DEPTH

depth is 213 ft., and its height above See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea-level 31 ft.; it has no natural outlet . In See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient times it was surrounded by dense forests, and was the centre of many legends . It was represented as the entrance by which both See also:

• ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)

Odysseus and See also:

• AENEAS

Aeneas descended to the infernal regions, and as the See also:

• ABODE (from " abide," to dwell, properly " to wait for ," to bide)

abode of the See also:

• CIMMERII

Cimmerii . Its See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek name, "Aopvos, was explained to mean that no See also:

• BIRD

bird could See also:

• FLY (formed on the root of the supposed original Tent. fleugan, to fly)

fly across it . See also:

• HANNIBAL
• HANNIBAL (" mercy " or " favour of Baal ")

Hannibal made a See also:

• PILGRIMAGE (Fr. pelerinage, Lat. peregrinatio)

pilgrimage to it in 214 B.C . See also:

• AGRIPPA
• AGRIPPA, HEROD, I
• AGRIPPA, HEROD, II
• AGRIPPA, MARCUS VIPSANIUS

Agrippa in 37 B.C. converted it into a See also:

• NAVAL

naval See also:

• HARBOUR (from M.E. hereberge, here, an army; cf. Ger. Heer and -beorg, protection or shelter. Other early forms in English were herberwe and haiborow, as seen in various place names, such as Market Harborough.. The French auberge, an inn, derived through

harbour, the See also:

• PORTUS

Portus See also:

• JULIUS

Julius; joining it to the Lacus Lucrinus by a See also:

• CANAL
• CANAL (from Lat. canalis, " channel " and " kennel " being doublets of the word)

canal, and connecting the latter with the sea, he reduced the distance to See also:

• CUMAE (Gr. Kb/.m)

Cumae by See also:

• BORING

boring a See also:

• TUNNEL (Fr. tonne!, later tonneau, a diminutive from Low Lat. tonna, tunna, a tun, cask)

tunnel over 2 m. in length, now called Grotta della See also:

• PACE (through O. Fr. pas, from Lat. passus, step, properly the stretch of the leg in walking, from pandere, to stretch)
• PACE, RICHARD (c. 1482-1536)

Pace, through the See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill on the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of Lake Avernus . After Sextus Pompeius had been subdued, the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief naval harbour was transferred to See also:

• MISENUM

Misenum . See also:

• NERO (37-68)

Nero's See also:

• WORKS

works for his proposed canal from Baiae to the See also:

• TIBER (anc. Tiberis; Ital. Tevere)

Tiber (A.D . 64) seem to have begun near,Lake Avernus; indeed, according to one tl}eory, the Grotta della Pace would be a portion of this canal .

On the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east side of the lake are remains of See also:

• BATHS

baths, including a See also:

• GREAT

great octagonal See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall known as the See also:

• TEMPLE
• TEMPLE, FREDERICK (1821-1902)
• TEMPLE, RICHARD
• TEMPLE, SIR RICHARD, BART
• TEMPLE, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Temple of See also:

• APOLLO (Gr. 'A2r6XXwv,'Airkkhwv)

Apollo, built of See also:

• BRICKWORK

brickwork, and belonging to the 1st See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century . The so-called Grotto of the Cumaean Sibyl, on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south side, is a See also:

• ROCK
• ROCK (O.Fr. rake, Sp. rota, Ital. rocca; possibly from a Lat. form rupica, from rupes, rock)
• ROCK, DANIEL (1799–187t)

rock-cut passage, ventilated by See also:

• VERTICAL (from Lat. vertex, highest point)

vertical apertures, possibly a See also:

• PART

part of the works connected with the naval harbour . To the south-east of the lake is the See also:

• MONTE

Monte Nuovo, a volcanic hill upheaved in 1538, with a deep See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct crater in the centre . To the south is the Lacus Lucrinus . See J . Beloch, Campanien (2nd ed., See also:

• BRESLAU (Polish Wraclaw)

Breslau, 1890), pp . 168 seq . (T .