AVESNES  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France, See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of an See also:

• ARRONDISSEMENT (from arrondir, to make round)

arrondissement in the See also:

• DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department of See also:

• NORD

Nord, on the Helpe, 28 m . S.E. of See also:

• VALENCIENNES

Valenciennes by See also:

• RAIL

rail . Pop . (1906) 5076 . The town is the seat of a sub-See also:

• PREFECT (prefet)

prefect, and has a tribunal of first instance, a chamber of See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and a communal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

college . Its See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of St See also:

• NICHOLAS
• NICHOLAS (1841– )
• NICHOLAS (or NICLAES), HENRY (or HENDRIK) (c. 1501-C. 158o)
• NICHOLAS, SIR EDWARD (1593-1669)
• NICHOLAS, ST

Nicholas (16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century) has a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower 200 ft. high, with a See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• CHIME

chime of bells . The See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry of the town is See also:

• WOOL, WORSTED AND WOOLLEN MANUFACTURES

wool-See also:

• SPINNING (from O. Eng. spinnen, to spin, cf. Ger. spinnen, &c., the Teut. root is seen, to draw out, cf. span, spider)

spinning, and there is See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood . Avesnes was founded in the 11th century, and formed a countship which in the 15th century passed to the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• BURGUNDY

Burgundy and afterwards to that of See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg . In 1477 it was destroyed by See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis XI . By the treaty of the See also:

• PYRENEES [Span. Pirineos, Fr. Pyrenees]

Pyrenees (1659) it came into the See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French, and was fortified by See also:

• VAUBAN

Vauban . It was captured by the Prussians in 1815 .