See also:

• AVILA
• AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)
• AVILA, GIL GONZALEZ DE (c. 1577-1658)

AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)  , the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province described above; on the right See also:

• BANK

bank of the See also:

• RIVER

river Adaja, 54 M . W. by N. of See also:

• MADRID

Madrid, by the Madrid-See also:

• VALLADOLID

Valladolid railway . Pop . (1900) 11,885 . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city is built on the See also:

• FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of a rocky See also:

• HILL
• HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
• HILL, A
• HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
• HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
• HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
• HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
• HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
• HILL, JAMES J
• HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
• HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
• HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
• HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
• HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)

hill, which rises abruptly in the midst of a veritable See also:

• WILDERNESS

wilderness; a See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown, arid, treeless table-See also:

• LAND

land, strewn with immense See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

grey boulders, and shut in by lofty mountains . The See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient walls of See also:

• AVILA
• AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)
• AVILA, GIL GONZALEZ DE (c. 1577-1658)

Avila, constructed of brown See also:

• GRANITE (adapted from the Ital. granite, grained; Lat. granum, grain)

granite, and surmounted by a breastwork, with eighty-six towers and nine gateways, are still in excellent repair; but a large See also:

• PART

part of the city lies beyond their See also:

• CIRCUIT (Lat. circuitus, from circum, round, and ire, to go)

circuit . Avila is the seat of a See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop, and contains several ecclesiastical buildings of high See also:

• INTEREST

interest . The See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral, said by tradition to date from 1107, but probably of 13th or 14th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century workmanship, has the See also:

• APPEARANCE (from Lat. apparere, to appear)

appearance of a fortress, with embattled walls and two solid towers . It contains many interesting sculptures and paintings, besides one especially See also:

• FINE

fine See also:

• SILVER

silver See also:

• PYX (Gr. iruVir, a box or chest)

pyx, the See also:

• WORK

work of Juan de Arphe, dating from 1571 . The churches of See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• VICENTE, GIL (147o-1540)

Vicente, San Pedro, Santo Tomas and San Segundo are, in their See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main features, Romanesque of the 15th century, although parts of the beautiful San Vicente, and of San Pedro, may be as old as the 12th century . Especially noteworthy is the See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in Santo Tomas, carved by the 15th-century Florentine sculptor Domenico Fancelli, over the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John (d . 1497), the only son of See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand and See also:

• ISABELLA (1451-15o4)
• ISABELLA, ISABEAU

Isabella .

The See also:

• CONVENT (Lat. conventus, from convenire, to come together)

convent and See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Teresa See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

mark the supposed birthplace of the See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint whose name they See also:

• BEAR
• BEAR, BLACK
• BEAR, BROWN
• BEAR, GRIZZLY
• BEAR, ISABELLINE
• BEAR, WHITE

bear (c . 1515-1582) . Avila also possesses an old Moorish See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle (alcdzar) used as See also:

• BARRACKS (derived through the French from the Late Lat. barra, a bar)
• BARRACKS, CAMP

barracks, a foundling See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

hospital, infirmary, military See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy, and training See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools for teachers of both sexes . From 1482 to 1807 it was also the seat of a university . It has a considerable See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade in agricultural products, See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather, pottery, hats, See also:

• LINEN

linen and See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton goods . For the See also:

• LOCAL

local See also:

• HISTORY

history see V . Picatoste, Tradiciones de Avila (Madrid, 1888) ; and L . Ariz, Historia de See also:

• LAS

las grandezas de . . Avila (See also:

• ALCALA (Moorish al Kala, the " Fortress " or " Castle ")

Alcala de Henares, 1607) .