PEDRO MENENDEZ DE See also:

• AVILES
• PEDRO MENENDEZ DE AVILES (1519-1574)

AVILES (1519-1574)  , See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• SEAMAN, OWEN (1861– )

seaman, founder of St See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine, See also:

• FLORIDA

Florida, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• AVILES
• AVILES, PEDRO MENENDEZ DE (1519-1574)

Aviles in See also:

• ASTURIAS

Asturias on the 15th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1519 . His See also:

• FAMILY

family were gentry, and he was one of nineteen See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers and sisters . At the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of fourteen he ran away to See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

sea, and was engaged till he was See also:

• THIRTY

thirty in a See also:

• LIFE

life of See also:

• ADVENTURE (from Lat. res adventura, a thing about to happen)

adventure as a See also:

• CORSAIR (through the Fr. from the Med. Lat. cursarius, a pirate; cursus, or cursa, from currere, to run, being Late Latin for a plundering foray)

corsair . In 1549 during See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace between See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain he was commissioned by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles V. to clear the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of Spain and the Canaries of See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French pirates . In 1554 he was appointed See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

captain-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general of the " flota " or See also:

• CONVOY

convoy which carried the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade between Spain and See also:

• AMERICA

America . The See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment was made by the emperor over the See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head and against the will of the Casa de Contratacion, or governing See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of the See also:

• AMERICAN

American trade . In this See also:

• YEAR

year, and before he sailed to America, Aviles accompanied the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of Spain, afterwards See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip II., to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, where he had gone to marry See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

Queen See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary . As See also:

• COMMANDER

commander of the flota he displayed-a See also:

• DILIGENCE

diligence, and achieved a degree of success in bringing back treasure, which earned him the hearty approval of the emperor . But his devotion to the imperial service, and his steady refusal to receive bribes as the See also:

• REWARD

reward for permitting breaches of the regulations, made him unpopular with the merchants, while his high-handed ways offended the Casa de Contratacion . Re-appointed commander in 1557, and knowing the hostility of the Casa, he applied for service elsewhere . The See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war with France in which Spain and England were See also:

• ALLIES, THOMAS WILLIAM (1813-1903)

allies was then in progress, and until the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1559 ample occupation was found for Aviles in bringing See also:

• MONEY

money and recruits from Spain to See also:

• FLANDERS (Flem. Vlaanderen)

Flanders . When peace was restored he commanded the See also:

• FLEET

fleet which brought Philip II. back from the See also:

• LOW, SETH (1850- )
• LOW, WILL HICOK (1853- )

Low Countries to Spain .

In 156o he was again appointed to command the flota, and he made a most successful voyage to America and back, in that and the following year . His relations with the Casa de Contratacion were, however, as strained as ever . On his return from another voyage in 1563 he was arrested by See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of the Casa, and was detained in See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison for twenty months . What the charges brought against him were is not known . Aviles in a See also:

• LETTER (through Fr. lettre from Lat. littera or litera, letter of the alphabet; the origin of the Latin word is obscure; it has probably no connexion with the root of linere, to smear, i.e. with wax, for an inscription with a stilus)

letter to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king avows his innocence, and he was finally discharged by the See also:

• JUDGES, THE BOOK OF

judges, but not until they had received two See also:

• PEREMPTORY

peremptory orders from the king to come to a decision . On his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release he prepared to See also:

• SAIL

sail to the See also:

• BERMUDAS

Bermudas to seek for See The Spanish Settlements within the See also:

• PRESENT

Present Limits of the See also:

• UNITED

United States, ei''Or'See also:

• IDA (d. 559)

ida, 1562-1574, by See also:

• WOODBURY
• WOODBURY, CHARLES HERBERT (1864— )
• WOODBURY, LEVI (1789—1851)

Woodbury Lowery (New See also:

• YORK
• YORK (HOUSE OF)
• YORK, EDMUND OF LANGLEY, DUKE OF (1341-1402)
• YORK, EDWARD
• YORK, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, DUKE OF (1763-1827)
• YORK, RICHARD, DUKE

York, 1905) . (D .