See also:

• AXIOM (Gr. &iwµa)

AXIOM (Gr. &iwµa)  , a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general proposition or principle accepted as self-evident, either absolutely or within a particular See also:

• SPHERE (Gr. vclsa?pa, a ball or globe)

sphere of thought . Each See also:

• SPECIAL

special See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science has its own axioms (cf. the Aristotelian &pxai, " first principles"), which, however, are sometimes susceptible of See also:

• PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)

proof in another wider science . The See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek word was probably confined by See also:

• PLATO

Plato to mathematical axioms, but See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle (Anal . See also:

• POST

Post. i . 2) gave it also the wider significance of the ultimate principles of thought which are behind all special sciences (e.g. the principle of See also:

• CONTRADICTION, PRINCIPLE OF (principium contradictionis)

contradiction) . These are apprehended solely by the mind, which may, however, be led to them by an inductive See also:

• PROCESS

process . After Aristotle, the See also:

• TERM

term was used by the See also:

• STOICS

Stoics and the school of See also:

• RAMUS, PETRUS, or PIERRE DE LA RAMEE (1515-1572)

Ramus for a proposition simply, and See also:

• BACON
• BACON (through the O. Fr. bacon, Low Lat. baco, from a Teutonic word cognate with " back," e.g. O. H. Ger. pacho, M. H. Ger. backe, buttock, flitch of bacon)
• BACON, FRANCIS (BARON VERULAM, VISCOUNT ST ALBANS) (1561-1626)
• BACON, JOHN (1740–1799)
• BACON, LEONARD (1802–1881)
• BACON, ROGER (c. 1214-c. 1294)
• BACON, SIR NICHOLAS (1509-1579)

Bacon {Nov . See also:

• ORGAN

Organ. i . 7) used it of any general proposition . The word was reintroduced in See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy probably by Rene See also:

• DESCARTES, RENE (1596-1650)

Descartes (or by his followers)who, in the See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search for a definite self-evident principle as the basis of a new philosophy, naturally turned to the See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar science of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics . The See also:

• AXIOM (Gr. &iwµa)

axiom of See also:

• CARTESIANISM

Cartesianism is, therefore, the Cogito ergo sum . See also:

• KANT, IMMANUEL (1724-1804)

Kant still further narrowed the meaning to include only self-evident (intuitive) synthetic propositions, i.e. of space and See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time .

The nature of axiomatic certainty is See also:

• PART

part of the fundamental problem of See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

logic and See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

metaphysics . Those who deny the possibility of all non-empirical knowledge naturally hold that every axiom is ultimately based on observation . For the Euclidian axioms see See also:

• GEOMETRY

GEOMETRY .