See also:

• AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)

AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)  , the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north-western and. most important See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia . It is separated from See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian territory on the N. by the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• ARAS

Aras (Araxes), while it has the See also:

• CASPIAN

Caspian See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea, See also:

• GILAN (GUILAN, GUILAN)

Gilan and See also:

• KHAMSEH

Khamseh (See also:

• ZENJAN, or ZANJAN

Zenjan) on the E., See also:

• KURDISTAN

Kurdistan on the S., and See also:

• ASIATIC

Asiatic See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey on the W . Its See also:

• AREA

area is estimated at 32,000 sq. m.; its See also:

• POPULATION (Lat. populus, people; populare, to populate)

population at 11 to 2 millions, comprising various races, as Persians proper, See also:

• TURKS

Turks, Kurds, Syrians, Armenians, &c . The See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country is See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior in fertility to most provinces of Persia, and consists of a See also:

• REGULAR

regular See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of undulating eminences, partially cultivated and opening into extensive plains . Near the centre of the province the mountains of Sahand rise in an accumulated See also:

• MASS (O.E. maesse; Fr. messe; Ger. Messe; Ital. messa; from eccl. Lat. missa)
• MASS, IN

mass to the height of 12,000 ft. above the sea . The highest See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain of the province is in its eastern See also:

• PART

part, See also:

• MOUNT, WILLIAM SIDNEY (1807-1868)

Mount Savelan, with an See also:

• ELEVATION

elevation of 15,792 ft., and the Talish Mountains, which run from north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, parallel to and at no See also:

• GREAT

great distance from the Caspian, have an See also:

• ALTITUDE (Lat. altitudo, from altus, high)

altitude of 9000 ft . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

rivers are the Aras and Kizil Uzain, both receiving numerous tributaries and flowing into the Caspian, and the Jaghatu, Tatava, Murdi, Aji and others, which drain into the See also:

• URMIA, LAKE OF (also spelt URUMIAH)

Urmia See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

lake . The country to the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west of the lake, with the districts of Selmas and Urmia, is the most prosperous part of See also:

• AZERBAIJAN (also spelt ADERBIJAN; the Azerbadegan of medieval writers, the Athro patakan and Atropatene of the ancients)

Azerbaijan, yet even here the intelligent traveller laments the want of enterprise among the inhabitants . Azerbaijan is one of the most productive provinces of Persia . The orchards and gardens in which many villages are embosomed yield delicious fruits of almost every description, and great quantities, dried, are exported, principally to See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia . Provisions are cheap and abundant, but there is a lack of forests and See also:

• TIMBER

timber trees . See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

Lead, See also:

• COPPER (symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.1, H=1, or 63.6, O = 16)

copper, See also:

• SULPHUR

sulphur, See also:

• ORPIMENT (auripigmentum)

orpiment, also See also:

• LIGNITE (Lat. lignum, wood)

lignite, have been found within the confines of the province; also a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of beautiful, variegated, translucent See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble, which takes a high See also:

• POLISH

polish, is used in the construction of palatial buildings, tanks, See also:

• BATHS

baths, &c., and is known as See also:

• MARAGHA

Maragha, or-See also:

• TABRIZ

Tabriz marble .

The See also:

• CLIMATE

climate is healthy, not hot in summer, and See also:

• COLD (in O. Eng. cald and ceald, a word coming ultimately from a root cognate with the Lat. gelu, gelidus, and common in the Teutonic languages, which usually have two distinct forms for the substantive and the adjective, cf. Ger. Kolte, kalt, Dutch koude

cold in See also:

• WINTER, JOHN STRANGE
• WINTER, PETER (c. 1755-1825)

winter . The cold sometimes is severely See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt by the poor classes owing to want of proper See also:

• FUEL (O. Fr. feuaile, popular Lat. focalia, from focus, hearth, fire)

fuel, for which a great part of the population has no substitute except dried cow-dung . See also:

• SNOW (in O. Eng. sndw; a common Indo-European word; cf. in Teutonic languages, Ger. Schnee, Du. sneeuw; in Slavonic snieg', Lith. snegas; Gr. vi4a, Lat. nix, nivis, whence the Romanic forms, Ital. neve, Fr. neige, &c.; Ir. and Gael. sneachd; the original

Snow lies on the mountains for about eight months in the See also:

• YEAR

year, and See also:

• WATER

water is everywhere abundant . The best soils when abundantly irrigated yield from 50- to 6o-See also:

• FOLD

fold, and the water for this purpose is supplied by the innumerable streams which intersect the province . The natives of Azerbaijan make excellent soldiers, and about a third of the See also:

• PERSIAN
• PERSIAN, SYRIAN, EGYPTIAN AND TURKISH

Persian See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army is composed of them . The province is divided into a number of administrative sub-provinces or districts, each with a h¢kim, See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor or sub-governor, under the governor-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, who under the Kajar See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty has always been the See also:

• HEIR (Lat. heres, from a root meaning to grasp, seen in heres or erus, master of a house, Gr. xeip, hand, Sans. hat ana, hand)

heir-apparent to the See also:

• THRONE

throne of Persia; assisted by a responsible See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister appointed by the shah . The administrative divisions are as follows:—Tabriz and environs; Uskuh; Deh-Kharegan; Maragha; Miandoab; See also:

• SAUJBULAGH, or SUJBULAK

Saujbulagh; Sulduz; Urmia; Selmas; See also:

• KHOI

Khoi; Maku; Geiger; Merend; Karadagh; Arvanek; Talish; See also:

• ARDEBIL, or ARDABIL

Ardebil; Mishkin; Khalkhal; Hashtrud; Garmrud; Afshar; Sain Kaleh; Ujan; Sarah . The See also:

• REVENUE
• REVENUE (0. Fr. revenu, from revenir, to return)

revenue amounts to about £200,000 per annum in See also:

• CASH

cash and kind, and nearly all of it is expended in the province for the See also:

• MAINTENANCE (Fr. maintenance, from maintenir, to maintain, support, Lat. manu tenere, to hold in the hand)

maintenance of the See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of the heir-apparent, the salaries and pay to See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government officials, troops, See also:

• PENSIONS

pensions, &c .