BABENBERG  , the name of a Franconian See also:

• FAMILY

family which held the duchy of See also:

• AUSTRIA
• AUSTRIA, LOWER (Ger. Niederosterreich or Osterreich unter der Enns, " Austria below the river Enns ")
• AUSTRIA, UPPER (Ger. Oberosterreich or Osterreich ob der Enns, " Austria above the river Enns ")

Austria before the rise of the See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house of See also:

• HABSBURG, or HAPSBURG

Habsburg . Its earliest known ancestor was one See also:

• POPPO, ERNST FRIEDRICH (1794—1866)

Poppo, who See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in the 9th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century was See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count in Grapfeld . One of his sons, See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry, called See also:

• MARGRAVE (Ger. Markgraf)

margrave and See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke in See also:

• FRANCONIA (Ger. Franken)

Franconia, See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell fighting against the See also:

• NORMANS

Normans in 886; another, Poppo, was margrave in Thuringia from 88o to 892, when he was deposed by the See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king See also:

• ARNULF (c. 850-899)

Arnulf . The family had been favoured by the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles the See also:

• FAT (O.E. fdett; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch vet, Ger. Fett, &c., and may be ultimately related to Greek Irian, and =apos, and Sanskrit pivan)

Fat, but Arnulf reversed this policy in favour of the See also:

• RIVAL

rival family of the Conradines . The leaders of the Babenbergs were the three sons of Duke Henry, who called themselves after their See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

castle of Babenberg on the upper See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

Main, See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

round which their possessions centred . The rivalry between the two families was intensified by their efforts to extend their authority in the region of the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle Main, and this See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel, known as the " Babenberg See also:

• FEUD

feud," came to a See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head at the beginning of the loth century during the troubled reign of the German king, See also:

• LOUIS
• LOUIS (804–876)
• LOUIS (893–911)
• LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
• LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian

Louis the See also:

• CHILD
• CHILD, FRANCIS JAMES (1825-1896)
• CHILD, L
• CHILD, LYDIA MARIA (1802-1880)
• CHILD, SIR FRANCIS (1642-1713)
• CHILD, SIR JOHN (d. 1690)
• CHILD, SIR JOSIAH (163o - 1699)

Child . Two of the Babenberg See also:

• BROTHERS, RICHARD (1757-1824)

brothers were killed, and the survivor See also:

• ADALBERT (originally VOYTECH), (c. 950-997)
• ADALBERT, or ADELBERT (c. 1000-1072)

Adalbert was summoned before the imperial See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court by the See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent Hatto I., See also:

• ARCHBISHOP (Lat. archiepiscopus, from Gr. apxceatorcoros)

archbishop of See also:

• MAINZ (Fr. Mayence)

Mainz, a See also:

• PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan of the Conradines . He refused to appear, held his own for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time in his castle at Theres against the king's forces, but surrendered in 906, and in spite of a promise of safe-conduct was beheaded . From this time the Babenbergs lost their See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence in Franconia; but in 976 See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold, a member of the family who was a count in the Donnegau, is described as margrave of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark, a See also:

• DISTRICT

district not more than 6o m. in breadth on the eastern frontier of See also:

• BAVARIA (Ger. Bayern)

Bavaria which See also:

• GREW, NEHEMIAH (1641-1712)

grew into the duchy of Austria . Leopold, who probably received the mark as a See also:

• REWARD

reward for his fidelity to the emperor See also:

• OTTO

Otto II. during the Bavarian rising in 976, extended its See also:

• AREA

area at the expense of the Hungarians, and was succeeded in 994 by his son Henry I . Henry, who continued his See also:

• FATHER

father's policy, was followed in ror8 by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother Adalbert and in 1055 by his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew Ernest, whose marked See also:

• LOYALTY

loyalty to the emperors Henry III. and Henry IV. was rewarded by many tokens of favour . The succeeding margrave, Leopold II., quarrelled with Henry IV., who was unable to oust him from the mark or to prevent the See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession of his son Leopold III. in 1096 .

Leopold supported Henry, son of Henry IV., in his rising against his father, but was soon See also:

• DRAWN

drawn over to the emperor's See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side, and in 1106 married his daughter See also:

• AGNES, SAINT

Agnes, widow of See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick I., duke of See also:

• SWABIA, SUABIA

Swabia . He declined the imperial See also:

• CROWN

crown in 1125 . His zeal in See also:

• FOUNDING (from Lat. fundere, to pour)

founding monasteries earned for him his surname " the Pious," and See also:

• CANONIZATION

canonization by See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• INNOCENT (INNOCENTIUS)
• INNOCENT (POPES)

Innocent VIII. in 1485 . He is regarded as the See also:

• PATRON

patron See also:

• SAINT (lat. sanctus, " holy ")

saint of Austria . One of Leopold's sons was Otto, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of See also:

• FREISING

Freising (q.v.) . His eldest son, Leopold IV., became margrave in 1136, and in 1139 received from the German king See also:

• CONRAD (d. 955)
• CONRAD, JOSEPH (1856– )
• CONRAD, or KONRAD (M. H. Ger. Kuonrdl, i.e. " keen in counsel," Lat. Conradus, It. Corrado, cf. the A.S. Ccenred)

Conrad III. the duchy of Bavaria, which had been forfeited by Duke Henry the Proud . Leopold's brother Henry (surnamed Jasomirgott from his favourite See also:

• OATH (0. Eng. ddh)

oath, " So help me See also:

• GOD

God!") was made count See also:

• PALATINE (from Lat. palatium, a palace,)

palatine of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine in 1140, and became margrave of Austria on Leopold's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1141 . Having married Gertrude, the widow of Henry the Proud, he was invested in 1143 with the duchy of Bavaria, and resigned his See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office as count palatine . In 1147 he went on crusade, and after his return renounced Bavaria at the instance of the new king Frederick I . As See also:

• COMPENSATION (from Lat. compensare, to weigh one thing against another)

compensation for this, Austria, the See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital of which had been transferred to See also:

• VIENNA (Ger. Wien; Lat. Vindobona)
• VIENNA, CONGRESS OF (1814-1815)

Vienna in 1146, was erected into a duchy . The second duke was Henry's son Leopold I., who succeeded him in 1177 and took See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• CRUSADES

crusades of 1182 and 1190 . In See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine he quarrelled with See also:

• RICHARD
• RICHARD (d. 1184)
• RICHARD, FRANCOIS MARIE BENJAMIN (18,9-1908)
• RICHARD, HENRY (1812-1888)
• RICHARD, ST

Richard I., king of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, captured him on his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home-See also:

• WARD
• WARD, ADOLPHUS WILLIAM (1837- )
• WARD, ARTEMUS
• WARD, EDWARD MATTHEW (1816-1879)
• WARD, ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS (1844-1911)
• WARD, JAMES (1769--1859)
• WARD, JAMES (1843– )
• WARD, JOHN QUINCY ADAMS (1830-1910)
• WARD, LESTER FRANK (1841– )
• WARD, MARY AUGUSTA [MRS HUMPHRY WARD]
• WARD, WILLIAM (1766-1826)
• WARD, WILLIAM GEORGE (1812-1882)

ward See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey and handed him over to the emperor Henry VI .

Leopold increased the territories of the Babenbergs by acquiring See also:

• STYRIA (German, Steiermark or Steyermark)

Styria in 1192 under the will of his kinsman Duke Ottakar IV . He died in 1194, and Austria fell to one son, Frederick, and Styria to another, Leopold; but on Frederick's death in 1198 they were again See also:

• UNITED

united by Duke Leopold II., surnamed " the Glorious." The new duke fought against the infidel in See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain, See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt and Palestine, but is more celebrated as a lawgiver, a patron of letters and a founder of towns . Under him Vienna became the centre of culture in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany and the See also:

• GREAT

great school of See also:

• MINNESINGERS (Ger. Minnesinger from Minne, love)

Minnesingers (q.v.) . His later years were spent in strife with his son Frederick, and he died in 1230 at See also:

• SAN

San Germano, whither he had gone to arrange the See also:

• PEACE
• PEACE, BREACH OF THE

peace between the emperor Frederick II. and Pope See also:

• GREGORY
• GREGORY (Gregorius)
• GREGORY (Grigorii) GRIGORIEVICH ORLOV, COUNT (1734-1783)
• GREGORY, EDWARD JOHN (1850-19o9)
• GREGORY, OLINTHUS GILBERT (1774—1841)
• GREGORY, ST (c. 213-C. 270)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NAZIANZUS (329–389)
• GREGORY, ST, OF NYSSA (c.331—c. 396)
• GREGORY, ST, OF TOURS (538-594)

Gregory IX . His son Frederick II. followed as duke, and earned the name of " Quarrelsome " by See also:

• CONSTANT, BENJAMIN (1845-1902)

constant struggles with the See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings of See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary and Bohemia and with the emperor . He deprived his See also:

• MOTHER

mother and sisters of their possessions, was hated by his subjects on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his oppressions, and in 1236 was placed under the imperial See also:

• BAN

ban and driven from Austria . Restored when the emperor was excommunicated, he treated in vain with Frederick for the erection of Austria into a See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . He was killed in See also:

• BATTLE

battle in 1246, when the male See also:

• LINE

line of the Babenbergs became See also:

• EXTINCT

extinct . The See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• BAMBERG

Bamberg grew up around the ancestral castle of the family . See G. ruritsch, Geschichte der Babenberger and ihrer See also:

• LANDER, RICHARD LEMON (1804–1834)

Lander (See also:

• INNSBRUCK

Innsbruck, 1894) ; M . Schmitz, Oesterreichs Scheyern-Wittelsbacher See also:

• ODER (Lat. Viadua; Slavonic, Vjodr)

oder See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Dynastie der Babenberger (See also:

• MUNICH (Ger. Munchen)

Munich, 188o) .