BABER  , or BAnAA (r483-1530), a famous conqueror of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and founder of the so-called See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty . His name was Zahir ud-din-See also:

• MAHOMET (strictly MUHAMMAD, commonly also MOHAMMED)

Mahomet, and he was given the surname of Baber, meaning the See also:

• TIGER
• TIGER (Felis tigris)

tiger . See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

Born on the 14th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1483, he was a descendant of Timur, and his See also:

• FATHER

father, See also:

• OMAR (c. 581-644)

Omar Sheik, was See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• FERGHANA, or FERGANA

Ferghana, a See also:

• DISTRICT

district of what is now See also:

• RUSSIAN

Russian See also:

• TURKESTAN
• TURKESTAN, or HAZRET

Turkestan . Omar died in 1495, and Baber, though only twelve years of See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age, succeeded to the See also:

• THRONE

throne . An See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt made by his uncles to dislodge him proved unsuccessful, and no sooner was the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign firmly settled than he began to meditate an See also:

• EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension of his own dominions . In 1497 he attacked and gained See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of See also:

• SAMARKAND

Samarkand, to which he always seems to have thought he had a natural and hereditary right . A See also:

• REBELLION

rebellion among his nobles robbed him of his native See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom, and while marching to recover it his troops deserted him, and he lost Samarkand also . After some reverses he regained both these places, but in rsox his most formidable enemy, Shaibani (Sheibani) See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

Khan, ruler of the Uzbegs, defeated him in a See also:

• GREAT

great engagement and drove him from Samarkand . For three years he wandered about trying in vain to recover his lost possessions; at last, in 1504, he gathered some troops, and See also:

• CROSSING

crossing the snowy See also:

• HINDU

Hindu Kush besieged and captured the strong See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of See also:

• KABUL

Kabul . By this dexterous stroke he gained a new and wealthy kingdom, and completely re-established his fortunes . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he See also:

• UNITED

united with Hussain Mirza of See also:

• HERAT

Herat against Shaibani . The See also:

• DEATH

death of Hussain put a stop to this expedition, but Baber spent a year at Herat, enjoying the pleasures of that See also:

• CAPITAL (i.e. capital stock or fund)
• CAPITAL (Lat. caput, head)

capital .

He returned to Kabul in See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time to quell a formidable rebellion, but two years later a revolt among some of the leading Moguls drove him from his city . He was compelled to take to See also:

• FLIGHT

flight with very few companions, but his great See also:

• PERSONAL

personal courage and daring struck the See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army of his opponents with such dismay that they again returned to their See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance and Baber regained his kingdom . Once again, in 1510, after the death of Shaibani, he endeavoured to obtain possession of his native See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . He received considerable aid from Shah Ismael of See also:

• PERSIA

Persia, and in 1511 made a triumphal entry into Samarkand . But in 1514 he was utterly defeated by the Uzbegs and with difficulty reached Kabul . He seems now to have resigned all hopes of recovering Ferghana, and as he at the same time dreaded an invasion of the Uzbegs from the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west, his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention was more and more See also:

• DRAWN

drawn towards India . Several preliminary incursions had been already made, when in 1521 an opportunity presented itself for a more extended expedition . See also:

• IBRAHIM

Ibrahim, See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor of See also:

• DELHI, DEHLI

Delhi, had made himself detested, even by his Afghan nobles, several of whom called upon Baber for assistance . He at once assembled his forces, 12,000 strong, with some pieces of See also:

• ARTILLERY (the O. Fr. artiller, to equip with engines of war, probably comes from Late Lat. articulum, dim. of ars, art, cf. " engine " from ingenium, or of artus, joint)

artillery and marched into India . Ibrahim, with roo,000 soldiers and numerous elephants, advanced against him . The great See also:

• BATTLE

battle was fought at See also:

• PANIPAT

Panipat on the 21st of See also:

• APRIL

April 1526, when Ibrahim was slain and his army routed . Baber at once took possession of See also:

• AGRA

Agra .

A still more formidable enemy awaited him; the Rana Sanga of Mewar collected the enormous force of 210,000 men, with which he moved against the invaders . On all sides there was danger and revolt, even Baber's own soldiers, worn out with the See also:

• HEAT (0. E. haktu, which like " hot," Old Eng. hat, is from the Teutonic type haita, hit, to be hot; cf. Ger. hitze, heiss; Dutch, hitte, heet, &c.)

heat of this new See also:

• CLIMATE

climate, longed for Kabul . By vigorous See also:

• MEASURES

measures and inspiriting speeches he restored their courage, though his own See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart was nearly failing him, and in his See also:

• DISTRESS

distress he abjured the use of See also:

• WINE (Lat. vinum, Gr. oivos)

wine, to which he had been addicted . At Kanwaha, on the loth of See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1527, he won a great victory and made himself See also:

• ABSOLUTE (Lat. absolvere, to loose, set free)

absolute See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of See also:

• NORTHERN

northern India . The remaining years of his See also:

• LIFE

life he spent in arranging the affairs and revenues of his new See also:

• EMPIRE

empire and in improving his capital, Agra . He died on the 26th of See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1530 in his See also:

• FORTY

forty-eighth year . Baber was above the See also:

• MIDDLE

middle height, of great strength and an admirable See also:

• ARCHER, WILLIAM (1856— )

archer and swordsman . His mind was as well cultivated as his bodily See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers; he wrote well, and his observations are generally acute and accurate; he was brave, kindly and generous . Pull, materials for his life are found in his See also:

• MEMOIRS

Memoirs, written by himself (translated into See also:

• ENGLISH

English by See also:

• LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)

Leyden and See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1826) ; abridged in See also:

• CALDECOTT, RANDOLPH (1846-1886)

Caldecott, Life of Baber (London, 1844) . See also See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane-See also:

• POOLE
• POOLE, MATTHEW (1624-1699)
• POOLE, PAUL FALCONER (1806-1879)
• POOLE, REGINALD STUART (1832-1895)

Poole, Baber (Rulers of India See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series), 1899 .