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BAIDAWI ('Abdallah ibn 'Umar al-BaidawI)

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Originally appearing in Volume V03, Page 215 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BAIDAWI ('Abdallah See also:ibn 'See also:Umar al-BaidawI)  , See also:Mahommedan critic, was See also:born in See also:Fars, where his See also:father was See also:chief See also:judge, in the See also:time of the Atabek ruler See also:Abu Bakr See also:ibn Sa'd (1226–1260) . He himself became judge in See also:Shiraz, and died in See also:Tabriz about 1286 . His chief See also:work is the commentary on the See also:Koran entitled The Secrets of See also:Revelation and the Secrets of See also:Interpretation (Asrar uttanzil wa Asr¢r ut-ta' wil) . This work is in the See also:main a See also:digest of the See also:great Mu'tazalite commentary (al-Kashshaf) of See also:Zamakhshari (q.v.) with omissions and additional notes . By the orthodox Moslems it is considered the See also:standard commentary and almost See also:holy, though it is not See also:complete in its treatment of any See also:branch of theological or linguistic knowledge of which it treats, and is not always accurate (cf . Th . See also:Noldeke's Geschichte See also:des Qorans, See also:Gottingen, r86o, p . 29) . It has been edited by H . O . See also:Fleischer (2 vols., See also:Leipzig, 1846–1848; indices ed . W .

See also:

Fell, Leipzig, 1878) . There are many See also:editions published in the See also:East . A selection with numerous notes was edited by D . S . Margoliouth as Chrestomathia Beidawiana (See also:London, 1894) . Many supercommentaries have been written on See also:Baidawi's work . He was also the author of several theological See also:treatises . See C . Brockelmann's Geschichte der arabischen Litteratur (See also:Weimar, 1898), vol. i. pp . 416-418 . (G . W .

T.) BAIF, See also:

JEAN See also:ANTOINE DE (1532-1589), See also:French poet and member of the Pleiade, was born at See also:Venice in 1532, He was the natural son of the See also:scholar Lazare de Baif, who was at that time French See also:ambassador at Venice . Thanks, perhaps, to the surroundings of his childhood, he See also:grew up an enthusiast for the See also:fine arts, and surpassed in zeal all the leaders of the See also:Renaissance in See also:France . His father spared no pains to secure the best possible See also:education for his son . The boy was taught Latin by See also:Charles See also:Estienne, and See also:Greek by Ange Vergece, the Cretan scholar and calligraphist who designed Greek types for See also:Francis I . When he was eleven years old he was put under the care of the famous Jean See also:Daurat (q.v.) . See also:Ronsard, who was eight years his See also:senior, now began to See also:share his studies . See also:Claude Binet tells how See also:young Baif, bred on Latin and Greek, smoothed out the tiresome beginnings of the Greek See also:language for Ronsard, who in return initiated his See also:companion into the mysteries of French versification . Baif possessed an extraordinary facility, and the See also:mass of his work has injured his reputation . Besides a number of volumes of See also:short poems of an amorous or congratulatory See also:kind, he translated or paraphrased various pieces from See also:Bion, See also:Moschus, See also:Theocritus, See also:Anacreon, See also:Catullus and See also:Martial . He resided in See also:Paris, and enjoyed the continued favour of the See also:court . He founded in 1567 an See also:academic de musique et de poesie,' with the See also:idea of establishing a closer See also:union between See also:music and See also:poetry; his See also:house became famous for the charming concerts which he gave, entertainments at which Charles IX. and See also:Henry III. frequently flattered him with their presence . Baif elaborated a See also:system for regulating French versification by quantity .

In this he was not 'a See also:

pioneer . Jacques de la See also:Taille had written in 1562 the Maniere de faire des vers en See also:francais comme en grec et en latin (printed 1573), and other poets had made experiments in the same direction . The 16th-See also:century poets did not realize the 1 For an See also:account of this See also:academy see Edouard See also:Fremy, See also:Les Origines de l'Academie Franeaise (1887) . incompatibility of the system of quantity with French See also:rhythm . Baif's innovations included a See also:line of 15 syllables known as the vers baifin . He also meditated reforms in French spelling . His theories are exemplified in Etrenes de poezie Franzoeze an vers mezures (1514) . His See also:works were published in 4 volumes, entitled Euvres en rime (1573), consisting of Amours, Jeux, Passetemps, et Poemes, containing, among much that is now hardly readable, some pieces of See also:infinite See also:grace and delicacy . His See also:sonnet on the See also:Roman de la See also:Rose was said to contain the whole See also:argument of that celebrated work, and Colletet says it was on everybody's lips . He also wrote a celebrated sonnet in praise of the See also:massacre of See also:Saint See also:Bartholomew . Baif was the author of two comedies, L'Eunuque, 1565 (published 1573), a See also:free See also:translation of See also:Terence, and Le Brave (1567), an See also:imitation of the See also:Miles Gloriosus, in which the characters of See also:Plautus are turned into Frenchmen, the See also:action taking See also:place at See also:Orleans . Baif published a collection of Latin See also:verse in, 1577, and in 1576 a popular See also:volume of Mimes, enseignemens et proverbes .

He died in 1589 . His father, Lazare de Baif,' published a translation of the See also:

Electra of See also:Sophocles in 1537, and afterwards a version of the See also:Hecuba; he was an elegant writer of Latin verse, and is commended by See also:Joachim du Bellay as having introduced certain valuable words into the French language . The iEuvres en rime (g vols., 1881–1890) of J . A. de Baif See also:form See also:part of the Pleiade franQaise of M . Ch . Marty-Laveaux . See also Becq de Fouquieres, Poesies choisies de J . A. de Baif (1874), with a valuable introduction; and F . Brunetiere, Hist. de la lilt. franraise classique (1904, bk. iii. pp . 398-422) .

End of Article: BAIDAWI ('Abdallah ibn 'Umar al-BaidawI)
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