See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• BALFOUR, FRANCIS MAITLAND (1851-1882)
• BALFOUR, ROBERT (known also as BALFOREUS) (1550?-1625?)
• BALFOUR, SIR JAMES (of Pittendreich) (d. 1583 Or 1584)
• BALFOUR, SIR JAMES, BART

BALFOUR See also:

• WILLIAM BALFOUR BAIKIE (1824-1864)

BAIKIE (1824-1864)  , Scottish explorer, naturalist and philologist, eldest son of See also:

• CAPTAIN (derived from Lat. ca put, head, through the Low Lat. capitanus)

Captain See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John See also:

• BAIKIE, WILLIAM BALFOUR (1824-1864)

Baikie, R.N., was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• KIRKWALL (Norse, Kirkjuvagr, " church bay ")

Kirkwall, See also:

• ORKNEY, EARL OF
• ORKNEY, ELIZABETH HAMILTON, COUNTESS OF
• ORKNEY, GEORGE HAMILTON, EARL OF (1666–1737)

Orkney, on the 21st of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1824 . He studied See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine at See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, and, on obtaining his M.D. degree, joined the royal See also:

• NAVY

navy in 1848 . He See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early attracted the See also:

• NOTICE

notice of See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• RODERICK

Roderick See also:

• MURCHISON, SIR RODERICK IMPEY (1792-1871)

Murchison, through whom he was appointed surgeon and naturalist to the See also:

• NIGER
• NIGER, GAIUS PESCENNIUS

Niger expedition sent out in 1854 by See also:

• MACGREGOR, JOHN [" Roc RoY "] (1825-1892)

Macgregor See also:

• LAIRD, MACGREGOR (18o8—1861)

Laird with See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government support . The See also:

• DEATH

death of the See also:

• SENIOR, NASSAU WILLIAM (1790-1864)

senior officer (See also:

• CONSUL
• CONSUL (in Gr. generally ihraros,ashortened form of errpavgybs 8hraeos, i.e. praetor maximus)

Consul Beecroft) occurring at Fernando Po, Baikie succeeded to the command . Ascending the See also:

• BENUE

Benue about 250 M. beyond the point reached by former explorers, the little steamer " See also:

• PLEIAD (Gr. Meats)

Pleiad " returned and reached the mouth of the Niger, after a voyage of 118 days, without the loss of a single See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man . The expedition had been instructed to endeavour to afford assistance to Heinrich See also:

• BARTH
• BARTH, HEINRICH (1821–1865)
• BARTH, KASPAR VON (1587-1658)

Barth (q.v.), who had in 1851 crossed the Benue in its upper course, but Baikie was unable to gain any trustworthy See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information concerning him . Returning to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, Baikie gave an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his See also:

• WORK

work in his Narrative of an Exploring Voyage up the See also:

• RIVERS
• RIVERS, ANTHONY WOODVILLE, or WYDEVILLE, 2ND EARL (c. 1442—1483)
• RIVERS, EARL
• RIVERS, RICHARD SAVAGE, 4TH EARL (c. 1660—1712)

Rivers Kwora and Binue . . . (See also:

• LONDON

London, 1856) . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1857 Baikiewith the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• BRITISH

British consul—started on another expedition in the " Pleiad." After two years spent in exploring the Niger, the navigating See also:

• VESSEL (O. Fr. vaissel, from a rare Lat. vascellum, dim. of vas, vase, urn)

vessel was wrecked in passing through some of the rapids of the See also:

• RIVER

river, and Baikie was unable longer to keep his party together . All returned See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home but himself; in no way daunted, he determined single-handed to carry out the purposes of the expedition . Landing from a small See also:

• BOAT (0. Eng. bdt; the true etymological connexion with Dutch and Ger. boot, Fr. bateau, Ital. battello presents great difficulties; Celtic forms are from O. Eng.)

boat, with one or two native followers, at the confluence of the Niger and Benue, he See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose See also:

• LOKOJA

Lokoja as the See also:

• BASE

base of his future operations, it being the site of the See also:

• MODEL (0. Fr. modelle, mod. modele; It. modello, pattern, mould; from Lat. modus, measure, standard)

model See also:

• FARM

farm established by the expedition sent by the British government in 1841, and abandoned within a twelve-See also:

• MONTH
• MONTH (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Mond, Du. maand, Dan. maaned, &c., and cognate with Lat. mensis, Gr. µi7v, &c., in other branches of the Indo-Germanic family; all ultimately from the root seen in the word for the moon in nearly all those languages

month on the death of most of the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white settlers (see Capt .

W . See also:

• ALLEN, BOG OF
• ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
• ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
• ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
• ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
• ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
• ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)

Allen, R.N., and T . R . H . See also:

• THOMSON, JAMES (1822-1892)
• THOMSON, JAMES (1834-1882)
• THOMSON, JAMES (r700-1748)
• THOMSON, JOHN (1778-184o)
• THOMSON, JOSEPH (1858-1895)
• THOMSON, SIR CHARLES WYVILLE (1830-1882)
• THOMSON, THOMAS (1773-1852)
• THOMSON, WILLIAM (1819-189o)

Thomson, M.D., A Narrative of the Expedition . to the River Niger in 1841, London, 1848) . After purchasing the site, and concluding a treaty with the See also:

• FULA (FULBE, FELLATAH or PEULS)

Fula emir of See also:

• NUPE

Nupe, he proceeded to clear the ground, build houses, See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form enclosures and pave the way for a future See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city . See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

Numbers flocked to him from all neighbouring districts, and in his See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement were representatives of almost all the tribes of See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West-Central See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . To the See also:

• MOTLEY
• MOTLEY, JOHN LOTHROP (1814–1897)

motley See also:

• COMMONWEALTH

commonwealth thus formed he acted not merely as ruler, but also as physician, teacher and See also:

• PRIEST (Ger. Priester, Fr. pretre)

priest . In less than five years he had opened up the See also:

• NAVIGATION (from Lat. navis, ship, and agere, to move)

navigation of the Niger, made See also:

• BAIL

BAIL roads, and established a See also:

• MARKET (Lat. mercatus, trade or place of trade)

market to which the native produce was brought for See also:

• SALE
• SALE, GEORGE (c. 1697-1736)
• SALE, SIR ROBERT HENRY (1782—1845)

sale and See also:

• BARTER (from Fr. barater, to truck, to exchange)

barter . He had also collected vocabularies of nearly fifty See also:

• AFRICAN

African dialects, and translated portions of the See also:

• BIBLE
• BIBLE, ENGLISH

Bible and See also:

• PRAYER (from Lat. precari, entreat; Ital. pregaria, Fr. priere)
• PRAYER, BOOK OF COMMON

prayer-See also:

• BOOK

book into See also:

• HAUSA

Hausa . Once only during his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence had he to employ armed force against the surrounding tribes . While on his way home, on leave of See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence, he died at Sierra Leone on the 3oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1864 .

He had done much to establish British See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence on the Niger, but after his death the British government abolished the consulate (1866), and it was through private enterprise that some twenty years later the See also:

• DISTRICT

district where Baikie had worked so successfully was finally secured for See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain (see See also:

• NIGERIA

NIGERIA) . Baikie's Observations on the Hausa and Fulfulde (i.e . Fula) See also:

• LANGUAGES

Languages was privately printed in 1861, and his See also:

• TRANSLATION

translation of the See also:

• PSALMS, BOOK
• PSALMS, BOOK OF, or PSALTER

Psalms into Hausa was published by the Bible Society in 1881 . He was also the author of various See also:

• WORKS

works concerning Orkney and See also:

• SHETLAND, or ZETLAND

Shetland . A See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument to his memory was placed in the See also:

• NAVE

nave of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CATHEDRAL

cathedral of St See also:

• MAGNUS, HEINRICH GUSTAV (1802-1870)

Magnus, Kirkwall .