See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

ALEXANDER See also:

• ALEXANDER BAIN (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

BAIN (1818-1903)  , Scottish philosopher and educationalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 11th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1818 in See also:

• ABERDEEN
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE GORDON, 1ST EARL O (1637-1720)
• ABERDEEN, GEORGE HAMILTON GORDON, 4TH EARL

Aberdeen, where he received his first schooling . In See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life he was a See also:

• WEAVER, JAMES BAIRD (1833- )

weaver, hence the punning description of him as Wee-See also:

• VIE

vie, rex philosophorum . In 1836 he entered Marischal See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, and came under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John Cruickshank, See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics, See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• CLARK, FRANCIS EDWARD (1851- )
• CLARK, GEORGE ROGERS (1752—1818)
• CLARK, JOHN BATES (1847— )
• CLARK, JOSIAH LATIMER (1822—1898)
• CLARK, SIR ANDREW
• CLARK, SIR JAMES (1788—1870)
• CLARK, THOMAS (1801—1867)
• CLARK, WILLIAM (1770-1838)
• CLARK, WILLIAM GEORGE (1821—1878)

Clark, professor of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, and See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• KNIGHT, CHARLES (1791-1873)
• KNIGHT, DANIEL RIDGWAY (1845– )
• KNIGHT, JOHN BUXTON (1843–1908)

Knight, professor of natural See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . His college career was distinguished, especially in See also:

• MENTAL

mental philosophy, mathematics and physics . Towards the end of his arts course he became a contributor to the See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review (first See also:

• ARTICLE (from Lat. articulus, a joint)

article " Electrotype and Daguerreotype," See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1840) . This was the beginning of his connexion with John See also:

• STUART, ARABELLA (1575-1615)
• STUART, GILBERT (1755-x828)
• STUART, JAMES EWELL BROWN (1833-1864)
• STUART, JOHN
• STUART, MOSES (1780-1852)
• STUART, SIR JOHN, COUNT

Stuart See also:

• MILL
• MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
• MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
• MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
• MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)

Mill, which led to a life-See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long friendship . In 1841 he became substitute for Dr Glennie, the professor of moral philosophy, who, through See also:

• ILL

ill-See also:

• HEALTH

health, was unable to See also:

• DISCHARGE (adapted from the O. Fr. discharge, modern decharge, from a med. Lat. discargare, to unload, dis- and earn care, to load, cf. " charge ")

discharge the active duties of the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair . This See also:

• POST

post he occupied for three successive sessions, during which he continued See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing for the Westminster, and also in 1842 helped Mill with the revision of the MS. of his See also:

• SYSTEM

System of See also:

• LOGIC (Xoy1K7, sc. rixvrt, the art of reasoning)

Logic . In 1843 he contributed the first review of the See also:

• BOOK

book to the See also:

• LONDON

London and Westminster . In 1845 he was appointed professor of mathematics and natural philosophy in the Andersonian University of See also:

• GLASGOW

Glasgow . A See also:

• YEAR

year later, "preferring a wider See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field, he resigned the position and devoted himself to See also:

• LITERARY

literary See also:

• WORK

work . In 1848 he removed to London to fill a post in the See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

board of health, under See also:

• EDWIN, AEDUINI
• EDWIN, JOHN (1749–1790)

Edwin See also:

• CHADWICK, SIR EDWIN (18o0-1890)

Chadwick, and became a prominent member of the brilliant circle which included See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• GROTE, GEORGE (1794–1871)

Grote and John Stuart Mill .

In 1855 he published his first large work, The Senses and the See also:

• INTELLECT (Lat. intellectus, from intelligere, to understand)

Intellect, followed in 1859 by The Emotions and the Will . These See also:

• TREATISES

treatises won for him a position among See also:

• INDEPENDENT

independent thinkers . He was examiner in logical and moral philosophy (1857-1862 and 1864-1869) to the university of London, and in moral See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science in the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• CIVIL

Civil Service See also:

• EXAMINATIONS

examinations . In 186o he was appointed by the See also:

• CROWN

crown to the new chair of logic and See also:

• ENGLISH

English in the university of Aberdeen (created on the amalgamation of the two colleges, See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King's and Marischal, by the Scottish -See also:

• UNIVERSITIES

Universities See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission of 1858) . Up to this date neither logic nor English had received adequate See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention in Aberdeen, and See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain devoted himself to supplying these deficiencies . He succeeded not only in raising the See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard of See also:

• EDUCATION

education generally in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, but also in forming a school of philosophy and in widely influencing the teaching of English See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar and See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition . His efforts were first directed to the preparation of English textbooks: Higher English Grammar (1863), followed in 1866 by the See also:

• MANUAL

Manual of See also:

• RHETORIC (Gr. psroperctj TEXvq, the art of the orator)

Rhetoric, in 1872 by A First English Grammar, and in 1874 by the See also:

• COMPANION (through the O. Fr. compaignon or compagnon, from the Late Lat. companio,—cum, with, and panis, bread,—one who shares meals with another; the word has been wrongly derived from the Late Lat. compagnus, one of the same pages or district)

Companion to the Higher Grammar . These See also:

• WORKS

works covered a large field and their See also:

• ORIGINAL

original views and methods met with wide See also:

• ACCEPTANCE (Lat. acceptare, frequentative form of accipere, to receive)

acceptance . But the other subject of his chair also called for attention . His own philosophical writings already published, especially The Senses and the Intellect (to which was added, in 1861, The Study of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

Character, including an Estimate of See also:

• PHRENOLOGY, (from Gr. OOP, mind, and Xbyos, discourse)

Phrenology), were too large for effective use in the class-See also:

• ROOM

room . Accordingly in 1868, he published his Manual of Mental and Moral Science, mainly a condensed See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of his treatises, with the doctrines re-stated, and in many instances freshly illustrated, and with many important additions . The year 1870 saw the publication of the Logic .

This, too, was a work designed for the use of students; it was based on J . S . Mill, but differed from him in many particulars, and had as distinctive features the treatment of the See also:

• DOCTRINE

doctrine of the conservation of See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy in connexion with See also:

• CAUSATION

causation and the detailed application of the principles of. logic to the various sciences . His services to education in Scotland were now recognized by the conferment of the honorary degree of See also:

• DOCTOR (Lat. for " teacher ")

doctor of See also:

• LAWS

laws by the university of See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh in 1871 . Next came two publications in " The See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

International Scientific See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

Series," namely, Mind and See also:

• BODY

Body (1872), and Education as a Science (1879) . All these works, from the Higher English Grammar down-wards, were written by Bain during his twenty years' professoriate at Aberdeen . To the same See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period belongs his institution of the philosophical See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

journal Mind; the first number appeared in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1876, under the editorship of a former See also:

• PUPIL (Lat. pupillus, orphan, minor, dim. of pupus, boy, allied to puer, from root pm- or peu-, to beget, cf. "pupa," Lat. for " doll," the name given to the stage intervening between the larval and imaginal stages in certain insects)

pupil, G . Croom See also:

• ROBERTSON, FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816-1853)
• ROBERTSON, GEORGE CROOM (1842-1892)
• ROBERTSON, JOSEPH (1810-1866)
• ROBERTSON, THOMAS WILLIAM (1829-1871)
• ROBERTSON, WILLIAM BRUCE (182o-1886)

Robertson, of University College, London . To this journal Bain contributed many important articles and discussions; and in fact he See also:

• BORE

bore the whole expenses of it till Robertson, owing to ill-health, resigned the editorship in 1891, when it passed into other hands . Bain resigned his professorship in 188o and was succeeded by William See also:

• MINTO, EARLS OF
• MINTO, WILLIAM (1845-1893)

Minto, one of his most brilliant pupils . Nevertheless his See also:

• INTEREST

interest in thought, and his See also:

• DESIRE

desire to See also:

• COMPLETE

complete the See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme of work mapped out in earlier years, remained as keen as ever . Accordingly, in 1882 appeared the See also:

• BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James Mill, and accompanying it John Stuart Mill: a See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

Criticism, with See also:

• PERSONAL

Personal Recollections .

Next came (1884) a collection of articles and papers, most of which had appeared in magazines, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• PRACTICAL

Practical Essays . This was succeeded (1887, 1888) by a new edition of the Rhetoric, and along with it, a book On Teaching English, being an exhaustive application of the principles of rhetoric to the criticism of See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style, for the use of teachers; and in 1894 he published a revised edition of The Senses and the Intellect, which contain, his last word on See also:

• PSYCHOLOGY
• PSYCHOLOGY (>Guxrl, the mind or soul, and X yos, theory)

psychology . In 1894 also appeared his last contribution to Mind . His last years were spent in privacy at Aberdeen, where he died on the 18th of September 1903 . He married twice but See also:

• LEFT

left no See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children . Bain's life was mainly that of a thinker and a See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of letters . But he also took a keen interest and frequently an active See also:

• PART

part in the See also:

• POLITICAL

political and social movements of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day; and so highly did the students of Aberdeen See also:

• RATE

rate his practical ability, that, after his retirement from the chair of logic, they twice in See also:

• SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

succession elected him See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of the university, each See also:

• TERM

term of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office extending over three years . He was a strenuous See also:

• ADVOCATE (Lat. advocatus, from advocare, to summon, especially in law to call in the aid of a counsel or witness, and so generally to summon to one's assistance)

advocate of reform, especially in the teaching of sciences, and supported the claims of See also:

• MODERN

modern }See also:

• LANGUAGES

languages to a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the curriculum . A See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble bust of him stands in the public library and his portrait hangs in the Marischal College . Wide as Bain's influence has been as a logician, a grammarianand a writer on rhetoric, his reputation rests on his psychology . At one with Johannes See also:

• MILLER, HUGH (1802–1856)
• MILLER, JOAQUIN (CINCINNATUS HEINE) (1841- )
• MILLER, JOE (JosEPH or JosIAS( (1684-1738)
• MILLER, SAMUEL FREEMAN (1816-1890)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1782-1849)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1795-1861)
• MILLER, WILLIAM (1796–1882)
• MILLER, WILLIAM HALLOWES (18o1–188o)

Miller in the conviction psychologus memo nisi See also:

• PHYSIOLOGUS

physiologus, he was the first in See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain during the Igth See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century to apply See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology in a thoroughgoing See also:

• FASHION (adapted from Fr. facon, agon, Lat. factio, making, facere, to do or make)

fashion to the elucidation of mental states . He was ` the originator of the theory of psycho-See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical See also:

• PARALLELISM, PSYCHOPHYSICAL

parallelism, which is used so widely as a working basis by modern psychologists .

His See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of applying the natural histbry method of See also:

• CLASSIFICATION (Lat. classis, a class, probably from the root cal-, cla-, as in Gr. icaMce, clamor)

classification to psychical phenomena gave scientific character to his work, the value of which was enhanced by his methodical exposition and his command of See also:

• ILLUSTRATION

illustration . In See also:

• LINE

line with this, too, is his demand that psychology shall be cleared of See also:

• METAPHYSICS
• METAPHYSICS, or METAPHYSIC (from Gr. /sera, after, d v med, things of nature, lots, i.e. the natural universe)

metaphysics; and to his See also:

• LEAD
• LEAD (pronounced iced)

lead is no doubt due- in great measure the position that psychology has now acquired as a distinct See also:

• POSITIVE (or PORTABLE) ORGAN

positive science . Prof . Wm . James calls his work the " last word " of the earlier See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage of psychology, but he was in reality the See also:

• PIONEER

pioneer of the new . Subsequent psycho-physical investigationshave all been in the spirit of his work; and although he consistently advocated the introspective method in psychological investigation, he was among the first to appreciate the help that may be given to it by See also:

• ANIMAL
• ANIMAL (Lat. animalis, from anima, breath, soul)

animal and social and See also:

• INFANT (in early forms enfaunt, enfant, through the Fr. enfant, from Lat. infans, in, not, and fans, the present participle of fari, to speak)

infant psychology . He may justly claim the merit of having guided the awakened psychological interest of See also:

• BRITISH

British thinkers of the second See also:

• HALF

half of the 19th century into fruitful channels . He emphasized the importance of our active experiences of See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement and effort, and though his theory of a central innervation sense is no longer held as he propounded it, its value as a See also:

• SUGGESTION

suggestion to later psychologists is great . His autobiography, published in 1904, contains a full See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his works, and also the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the last thirteen years of his life by W . L . See also:

• DAVIDSON, ANDREW BRUCE (1831–1902)
• DAVIDSON, JOHN (1857–1909)
• DAVIDSON, RANDALL THOMAS (1848– )
• DAVIDSON, SAMUEL (1807-1898)
• DAVIDSON, THOMAS (1817-1885)

Davidson of Aberdeen University, who further contributed to Mind (See also:

• APRIL

April 1904) a review of Bain's services to philosophy . oWorks (beside the above) :—Edition with notes of See also:

• PALEY, FREDERICK APTHORP (1815-1888)
• PALEY, WILLIAM (1743-1805)

Paley's Moral Philosophy (1852) ; Education as a Science (1899) ; See also:

• DISSERTATIONS

Dissertations on leading philosophical topics (1903, mainly reprints of papers in Mind) ; he collaborated with J .

S . Mill and Grote in editing James Mill's See also:

• ANALYSIS (Gr. avci and Meta, to break up into parts)

Analysis f the Phenomena of the Human Mind (1869), and assisted in editing rote's See also:

• ARISTOTLE
• ARISTOTLE (384-322 B.C.)

Aristotle and See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor Works; he also wrote a memoir pre-fixed to G . Croom Robertson's Philosophical Remains (1894) .