See also:

• SPENCER
• SPENCER, HERBERT (1820-1903)
• SPENCER, JOHN CHARLES SPENCER, 3RD EARL (1782-1845)
• SPENCER, JOHNPOYNTZ SPENCER
• SPENCER, WILLIAM ROBERT (1769-1834)

SPENCER See also:

• FULLERTON, LADY GEORGIANA CHARLOTTE (1812-1885)

FULLERTON See also:

• BAIRD, HENRY MARTYN (1832—1906)
• BAIRD, JAMES (1802—1876)
• BAIRD, SIR DAVID (1757—1829)
• SPENCER FULLERTON BAIRD (1823--1887)

BAIRD (1823--1887)  , . See also:

• AMERICAN

American naturalist, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• READING

Reading, See also:

• PENNSYLVANIA
• PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF

Pennsylvania, on the 3rd of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1823 . He graduated at See also:

• DICKINSON, ANNA ELIZABETH (1842– )
• DICKINSON, JOHN (1732–1808)

Dickinson See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CARLISLE
• CARLISLE, EARLS OF

Carlisle, Pennsylvania in 184o, and next See also:

• YEAR

year made an ornithological excursion through the mountains of Pennsylvania, walking, says one of his biographers, " 400 M. in twenty-one days, and the last See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day 6o m." In 1838 he met J . J . See also:

• AUDUBON, JOHN JAMES (1780-1851)

Audubon, and thenceforward his studies were largely ornithological, Audubon giving him a See also:

• PART

part of his own collection of birds . After studying See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, See also:

• BAIRD, HENRY MARTYN (1832—1906)
• BAIRD, JAMES (1802—1876)
• BAIRD, SIR DAVID (1757—1829)
• BAIRD, SPENCER FULLERTON (1823--1887)

Baird became See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of natural See also:

• HISTORY

history in Dickinson College in 1845, assuming also the duties of the See also:

• CHAIR (in. Mid. Eng. chcere, through O. Fr. chaire or chaiere, from Lat. cathedra, later caledra, Gr. xaOi3pa, seat, cf. "cathedral"; the modern Fr. form chaise, a chair, has been adopted in English with a particular meaning as a form of carriage; chaire

chair of See also:

• CHEMISTRY
• CHEMISTRY (formerly "chymistry"; Gr. xvµela; for derivation see ALCHEMY)

chemistry, and giving instruction in See also:

• PHYSIOLOGY (from Gr. 4 i s, nature, and koyos, discourse)

physiology and See also:

• MATHEMATICS (Gr. /saBnµar1Kil, Sc. vOcvn or E7rlQTt'µn; from p iN.La, "learning" or "science ")

mathematics . This variety of duties in a small college tended to give him that breadth of scientific See also:

• INTEREST

interest which characterized him through See also:

• LIFE

life, and made him perhaps the most representative See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science in See also:

• AMERICA

America . For the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period between 1850 and 1878 he was assistant-secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, Washing-ton, and on the See also:

• DEATH

death of See also:

• JOSEPH
• JOSEPH, COMTE DE (1785-1870)
• JOSEPH, FATHER (FRANCOIS LECLERC DU TREMBLAY) (1577-1638)

Joseph See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry he became secretary . From 1871 till his death he was U.S . See also:

• COMMISSIONER

Commissioner of See also:

• FISH (O. Eng. fist, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dutch visch, Ger. Fisch, Goth. fisks, cognate with the Lat. piscis)
• FISH, HAMILTON (1808-1893)

Fish and See also:

• FISHERIES

Fisheries . While an officer of the Smithsonian, Baird's duties included the superintendence of the labour of workers in widely different lines . Thus, apart from his assistance to others, his own studies and published writings See also:

• COVER (from the Fr. convert, from couvrir, to cover, Lat. cooperire)

cover a broad range: iconography, See also:

• GEOLOGY (from Gr. yp7, the earth, and Abyor, science)

geology, See also:

• MINERALOGY

mineralogy, See also:

• BOTANY (from Gr. l3or6v17, plant; ,66vicety, to graze)

botany, See also:

• ANTHROPOLOGY (Gr. avOpw1ror man, and Xoyos, theory or science)

anthropology, general See also:

• ZOOLOGY (from Gr. Nov, a living thing, and ?byos, theory)

zoology, and, in particular, See also:

• ORNITHOLOGY

ornithology; while for a See also:

• SERIES (a Latin word from serere, to join)

series of years he edited an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual See also:

• VOLUME

volume summarizing progress in all scientific lines of investigation .

He gave general superintendence, between 185o and 186o, to several See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government expeditions for scientific exploration of the western territories of the See also:

• UNITED

United States, preparing for them a See also:

• MANUAL

manual of Instructions to Collectors . Of his own publications, the bibliography by G . See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

Brown Goode, from 1843 to the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1882, includes 1063 entries, of which 775 were See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short articles in his Annual See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

Record . His most important volumes, on the whole, were Birds, in the series of reports of explorations and surveys for a railway route from the See also:

• MISSISSIPPI

Mississippi See also:

• RIVER

river to the Pacific ocean (1858), of which Dr See also:

• ELLIOTT, EBENEZER (1781–1849)

Elliott Cones says (as quoted in the Popular Science Monthly, xxxiii . 553) that it " exerted an See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence perhaps stronger and more widely See also:

• FELT (cognate with Ger. Filz, Du. vilt, Swed. and Dan. fill; the root is unknown; the word has given Med. Lat. filtrum, " filter ")

felt than that of any of its predecessors, Audubon's and See also:

• WILSON, ALEXANDER (1766-1813)
• WILSON, HENRY (1812–1875)
• WILSON, HORACE HAYMAN (1786–1860)
• WILSON, JAMES (1742—1798)
• WILSON, JAMES (1835— )
• WILSON, JAMES HARRISON (1837– )
• WILSON, JOHN (1627-1696)
• WILSON, JOHN (178 1854)
• WILSON, ROBERT (d. 1600)
• WILSON, SIR DANIEL (1816–1892)
• WILSON, SIR ROBERT THOMAS (1777—1849)
• WILSON, SIR WILLIAM JAMES ERASMUS
• WILSON, THOMAS (1663-1755)
• WILSON, THOMAS (c. 1525-1581)
• WILSON, WOODROW (1856— )

Wilson's not excepted, and marked an See also:

• EPOCH (Gr. E7roxij, holding in suspense, a pause, from E1rxav, to hold up, to stop)

epoch in the history of American ornithology "; Mammals of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North America: Descriptions based on Collections in the Smithsonian Institution (See also:

• PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia, 1859) ; and the monumental See also:

• WORK

work (with See also:

• THOMAS
• THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
• THOMAS (d. 110o)
• THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
• THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
• THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
• THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
• THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
• THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
• THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
• THOMAS, ST
• THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
• THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)

Thomas See also:

• MAYO
• MAYO, RICHARD SOUTHWELL BOURKE, 6TH EARL OF (1822-1872)

Mayo See also:

• BREWER, JOHN SHERREN (1810-1879)

Brewer and See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert Ridgway) History of North American Birds (See also:

• BOSTON
• BOSTON, THOMAS (1676-1732)

Boston, 1875–1884; " See also:

• LAND

Land Birds," 3 vols., " See also:

• WATER

Water Birds," 2 vols) . He died on the 19th of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1887 at the See also:

• GREAT

great marine biological laboratory at See also:

• WOODS, LEONARD (1774-1854)
• WOODS, SIR ALBERT (1816-1904)

Woods Hole, See also:

• MASSACHUSETTS (an Indian name, originally applied to a tribe of Indians)

Massachusetts, an institution which was largely the result of his own efforts, and which has exercised a wide effect upon both scientific and economic See also:

• ICHTHYOLOGY (from Gr. LxObs, fish, and Xoyos, doctrine or treatise)

ichthyology .