See also:

• BAJOUR, or BAJAUR

BAJOUR, or BAJAUR  , a small See also:

• DISTRICT

district peopled by See also:

• PATHAN

Pathan races df Afghan origin, in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North-See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West Frontier See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

Province of See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India . It is about 45 M. See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long by 20. broad, and lies at a high level to the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of the See also:

• KUNAR

Kunar valley, from which it is separated by a continuous See also:

• LINE

line of rugged. frontier hills, forming a barrier easily passable at one or two points . Across this barrier the old road from See also:

• KABUL

Kabul to India ran before the Khyber Pass was adopted as the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main route . See also:

• BAJOUR, or BAJAUR

Bajour is inhabited almost exclusively by See also:

• TARKANI, or TARKALANRI

Tarkani (Tarkalanri) Pathans, sub-divided into Mamunds, Isazai, and Ismailzai, numbering together with a few Mohmands, Utmauzais, &c., about 1oo,000 . To the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south of Bajour is the See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

wild See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain district of the Mohmands, a Pathan See also:

• RACE

race . To the east, beyond the Panjkora See also:

• RIVER

river, are the hills of See also:

• SWAT

Swat, dominated by another Pathan race . To the north is an intervening See also:

• WATERSHED

watershed between Bajour and the small See also:

• STATE
• STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF

state of See also:

• DIR

Dir; and it is over this watershed and through the valley of Dir that the new road from Malakand and the See also:

• PUNJAB

Punjab runs to See also:

• CHITRAL

Chitral . The drainage of Bajour flows eastwards, starting from the eastern slopes of the dividing See also:

• RIDGE (a word. common to many Teutonic languages, meaning " back," whether of a man or an animal, cf. German Rucke)
• RIDGE, WILLIAM PETT (1864- )

ridge which overlooks the Kunar and terminating in the Panjkora river, so that the district lies on a slope tilting gradually downwards from the Kunar ridge to the Panjkora . Nawagai is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief See also:

• TOWN

town of Bajour, and the See also:

• KHAN (from the Turki, hence Persian and Arabic Khan)

khan of Nawagai is under See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• PROTECTION

protection for the safe-guarding of the Chitral road . Jandol, one of the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern valleys of Bajour, has ceased to be of See also:

• POLITICAL

political importance since the failure of its chief, Umra Khan, to appropriate to himself Bajour, Dir, and a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part of the Kunar valley . It was the active hostility between the See also:

• AMIR, or AMEER (an Arabic word meaning " commander," from the root amr, " commanding ")

amir of Kabul (who claimed See also:

• SOVEREIGNTY

sovereignty of the same districts) and Umra Khan that led, firstly to the demarcation agreement of 1893 which fixed the boundary of See also:

• AFGHANISTAN

Afghanistan in Kunar; and, secondly, to the invasion of Chitral by Umra Khan (who was no party to the boundary See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement) and the See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

siege of the Chitral fort in 1895 . An interesting feature in Bajour See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography is a mountain See also:

• SPUR (A.S. spura, spora, related to spornan, spurnan, to kick, spurn; cf. M.H.G. sporn, mod. Ger. Sporn)

spur from the Kunar range, which curving eastwards culminates in the well-known See also:

• PEAK, THE

peak of Koh-i-Mor, which is visible from the See also:

• PESHAWAR

Peshawar valley .

It was here, at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of the mountain, that See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander found the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city of Nysa and the Nysaean See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony, traditionally said to have been founded by See also:

• DIONYSUS (probably = " son of Zeus," from & Os and vv(7os, a Thracian word for " son ")

Dionysus . The Koh-i-Mor has been identified as the Meros of See also:

• ARRIAN (FLAvrus ARRIANUS)

Arrian's See also:

• HISTORY

history—the three-peaked mountain from which the See also:

• GOD

god issued . It is also interesting to find that a See also:

• SECTION
• SECTION (Lat. sectio, cutting, secare, to cut)

section of the Kafir community of Kamdesh still claim the same See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek origin as did the Nysaeans; still See also:

• CHANT (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. cantare, to sing; an old form is " chaunt ")

chant See also:

• HYMNS

hymns to the god who sprang from Gir Nysa (themountain of Nysa); whilst they maintain that they originally migrated from the Swat See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country to their See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• HABITAT (a French word derived from habiter, Lat. habitare, to dwell)

habitat in the See also:

• LOWER

lower Bashgol . Long after See also:

• BUDDHISM

Buddhism had spread to Chitral, See also:

• GILGIT

Gilgit, Dir and Swat; whilst Ningrahar was still full of monasteries and temples, and the Peshawar valley was recognized as the seat of Buddhist learning, the Kafirs or Nysaeans held their own in Bajour and in the lower Kunar valley, where Buddhism apparently never prevailed . It is probable that the invader See also:

• BABER

Baber (who has much to say about Bajour) fought them there in the See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early years of the 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century, when on his way to found the See also:

• MOGUL, MOCHAL, or MIGHAL

Mogul See also:

• DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty of India centuries after Buddhism has been crushed in northern India by the destroyer Mahmud . The Gazetteers and Reports of the See also:

• INDIAN

Indian See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government contain nearly all the See also:

• MODERN

modern See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information available about Bajour . The autobiography of Baber (by See also:

• LEYDEN, JOHN (1775-1811)

Leyden and See also:

• ERSKINE, EBENEZER (1680-1754)
• ERSKINE, HENRY (1746-1817)
• ERSKINE, JOHN
• ERSKINE, JOHN (1721-1803)
• ERSKINE, RALPH (1685-1752)
• ERSKINE, THOMAS
• ERSKINE, THOMAS ERSKINE, 1ST BARON (1750-1823)

Erskine) gives interesting details about the country in the 16th century . For the connexion between the Kafirs and the ancient Nysaeans of Swat, see R . G . S . See also:

• JOURNAL
• JOURNAL (through Fr. from late Lat. diurnalis, daily)

Journal, vol. vii., 1896 . (T .

H .