See also:

• SIR

SIR See also:

• SAMUEL

SAMUEL See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

WHITE See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• SIR SAMUEL WHITE BAKER (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

BAKER (1821-1893)  , See also:

• ENGLISH

English explorer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born in See also:

• LONDON

London on the 8th of See also:

• JUNE

June 1821 . He was educated partly in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England and partly in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . His See also:

• FATHER

father, a See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

West See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• MERCHANT (O. Fr. marcheant, modern marchand; from Lat. mercari, to trade, merx, goods, merchandise)

merchant, destined him for a commercial career, but a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short experience of See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office See also:

• WORK

work proved him to be entirely unsuited to such a See also:

• LIFE

life . On the 3rd of See also:

• AUGUST (originally Sextilis)

August 1843 he married Henrietta Biddulph See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin, daughter of the See also:

• RECTOR (Lat. for " ruler," " guide," &c., from regere, " rule ")

rector of Maisemore, See also:

• GLOUCESTERSHIRE

Gloucestershire, and after two years in See also:

• MAURITIUS

Mauritius the See also:

• DESIRE

desire for travel took him in 1846 to See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon, where in the following See also:

• YEAR

year he founded an agricultural See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement at Nuwara Eliya, a See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

mountain See also:

• HEALTH

health-resort . Aided by his See also:

• BROTHER

brother, he brought emigrants thither from England, together with choice breeds of See also:

• CATTLE (Norman Fr. catel, from Late Lat. capitale, wealth or property, a word applied in the feudal system to movable property and particularly to live stock, and surviving in its wider meaning as " chattel " or " chattle ")

cattle, and before See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long the new settlement was a success . During his See also:

• RESIDENCE (Latin residere, to remain behind, to dwell, reside)

residence in Ceylon he published, as a result of many adventurous See also:

• HUNTING (the verbal substantive from " hunt "; O. Eng. huntian, hunta; apparently connected with O. Eng. hentan, Gothic hinpan, to capture, O.H.G. hunda,booty)

hunting expeditions, The See also:

• RIFLE

Rifle and the See also:

• HOUND

Hound in Ceylon (1853), and two years later Eight Years' Wanderings in Ceylon (r855) . After a See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey to See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople and the See also:

• CRIMEA (ancient Tauris or Tauric Chersonese, called by the Russians by the Tatar name Krym or Crim)

Crimea in 1856, he found an outlet for his restless See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy by undertaking the supervision of the construction of a railway across the See also:

• DOBRUDJA (Bulgarian Dobritch, Rumanian Dobrogea)

Dobrudja, connecting the See also:

• DANUBE (Ger. Donau, Hungarian Duna, Rumanian Dunarea, Lat. Danubius or Danuvius, and in the lower part of its course Ister)

Danube with the See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

Black See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea . After its completion he spent some months in a tour in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south-eastern See also:

• EUROPE

Europe and See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor . It was during this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time that he met in See also:

• HUNGARY
• HUNGARY (Hungarian Magyarorszdg)

Hungary the See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

lady who (in r86o) became his second wife, See also:

• FLORENCE
• FLORENCE (Ital. Firenze, Lat. Florentia)

Florence, daughter of Finnian von Sass, his first wife having died in 1855 . In See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1861 he started upon his first tour of exploration in central See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa . This, in his own words, was undertaken " to discover the See also:

• SOURCES

sources of the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile, with the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope of See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• AFRICAN

African expedition under Captains See also:

• SPEKE, HUGH (1656-c. 1724)
• SPEKE, JOHN HANNING (1827-1864)

Speke and See also:

• GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
• GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
• GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
• GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
• GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
• GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
• GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
• GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
• GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
• GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
• GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
• GRANT, U
• GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)

Grant somewhere about the See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake." After a year spent on the See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan-Abyssinian border, during which time he learnt Arabic, explored the See also:

• ATBARA (Bahr-el-Aswad, or Black River)

Atbara and other Nile tributaries, and proved that the Nile sediment came from See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia, he arrived at See also:

• KHARTUM

Khartum, leaving that See also:

• CITY (through Fr. cite, from Lat. civitas)

city in See also:

• DECEMBER (Lat. decent, ten)

December 1862 to follow up the course of the See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

White Nile . Two months later at See also:

• GONDOKORO

Gondokoro he met Speke and Grant, who, after discovering the source of the Nile, were following the See also:

• RIVER

river to See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt .

Their success made him fear that there was nothing See also:

• LEFT

left for his own expedition to accomplish; but the two explorers generously gave him See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information which enabled him, after separating from them, to achieve the See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery of See also:

• ALBERT
• ALBERT (1490'1545)
• ALBERT (149o-1568)
• ALBERT (1522–1557)
• ALBERT (FRANCIS CHARLES AUGUSTUS ALBERT EMMANUEL) (1819—1861)
• ALBERT (FRIEDRICH RUDOLF ALBRECHT)
• ALBERT, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS
• ALBERT, MADAME (c. 2805—2846)

Albert See also:

• NYANZA (from the ancient Bantu root word anza, a river or lake)

Nyanza, of whose existence credible assurance had already been given to Speke and Grant . See also:

• BAKER, HENRY (1698-1774)
• BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN (1840-1907)
• BAKER, SIR RICHARD (1568-1644/5)
• BAKER, SIR SAMUEL WHITE (1821-1893)
• BAKER, THOMAS (1656-1740)
• BAKER, VALENTINE [BAKER PASHA] (1827-1887)

Baker first sighted the lake on the 14th of March 1864 . After some time spent in the exploration of the neighbourhood, during which Baker demonstrated that the Nile flowed through the Albert Nyanza —of whose See also:

• SIZE

size-he formed an exaggerated See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea—he started upon his return journey, and reached Khartum after many checks in May 1865 . In the following See also:

• OCTOBER

October he returned to England with his wife, who had accompanied him throughout the whole of the perilous and arduous journey . In recognition ,of the achievements by which Baker had indissolubly linked his name with the See also:

• SOLUTION (from Lat. solvere, to loosen, dissolve)

solution of the problem of the Nile sources, the Royal See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society awarded him its See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold See also:

• MEDAL (Fr. medaille, from Lat. metallum)

medal, and a similar distinction was bestowed on him by the See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris Geographical Society . In August 1866 he was knighted . In the same year he published The Albert N'yanza, See also:

• GREAT

Great See also:

• BASIN, or BASON (the older form bacin is found in many of the Romanic languages, from the Late Lat. baccinus or bacchinus, probably derived from bacca, a bowl)
• BASIN, THOMAS (1412—1491)

Basin of the Nile, and Explorations of the Nile Sources, and in 1867 The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia, both books quickly going through several See also:

• EDITIONS

editions . In 1868 he published a popular See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story called See also:

• CAST (from the verb meaning " to throw "; the word is Scand. in origin, cf. Dan. kaste, and Swed. kasta; " cast " in Middle Eng. took the place of the A.S. weor pan, cf. Ger. werf en)

Cast up by the Sea . In 1869 he attended the See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

prince of See also:

• WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, afterwards See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King See also:

• EDWARD

Edward VII., in a tour through Egypt . In the same year, at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of the See also:

• KHEDIVE

khedive See also:

• ISMAIL (1830-1895)

Ismail, Baker undertook the command of a military expedition to the See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial regions of the Nile, with the See also:

• OBJECT

object of suppressing the slave-See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade there and opening the way to See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce and See also:

• CIVILIZATION

civilization . Before starting from See also:

• CAIRO
• CAIRO (Arabic Misr-al-Kahira, or simply Misr)

Cairo with a force of 1700 See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian troops—many of them discharged convicts —he was given the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of See also:

• PASHA

pasha and See also:

• MAJOR
• MAJOR (Lat. for " greater ")
• MAJOR (or MAIR), JOHN (1470-1550)

major-See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general in the See also:

• OTTOMAN

Ottoman See also:

• ARMY
• ARMY (from Fr. armee, Lat. armata)

army . Lady Baker, as before, accompanied him .

The khedive appointed him See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor-general of the new territory for four years at a See also:

• SALARY

salary of £1o,000 a year; and it was not until the expiration of that time that Baker returned to Cairo, leaving his work to be carried on by the new governor, See also:

• COLONEL (derived either from Lat. column, Fr. colonne, column, or Lat. corona, a crown)

Colonel See also:

• CHARLES
• CHARLES (1270-1325)
• CHARLES (1421-1461)
• CHARLES (1525-1574)
• CHARLES (c. 1319-1364)
• CHARLES (Fr. Charles; Span. Carlos; Ital. Carlo; Ger. Karl; derived from O.H.G. Charal,latinized as Carolus, meaning originally " man ": cf. Mod.Ger., Kerl," fellow," A.S. ceorl, Mod. Eng. " churl ")
• CHARLES (KARL EITEL ZEPHYRIN LUDWIG; in Rum. CAROL)
• CHARLES [KARL ALEXANDER] (1712-1780)
• CHARLES, ELIZABETH (1828-1896)
• CHARLES, JACQUES ALEXANDRE CESAR (1746-1823)
• CHARLES, THOMAS (1755-1814)

Charles See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George See also:

• GORDON
• GORDON, ADAM LINDSAY (1833—1870)
• GORDON, ALEXANDER (c. 1692—c. 1754)
• GORDON, CHARLES GEORGE (1833-'885)
• GORDON, LEON
• GORDON, LORD GEORGE (1751-1793)
• GORDON, PATRICK (1635–1699)
• GORDON, SIR JOHN WATSON (1788—1864)

Gordon . He had to contend with innumerable difficulties --the blocking of the river by See also:

• SUDD

sudd, the See also:

• BITTER, KARL THEODORE FRANCIS (1867– )

bitter hostility of officials interested in the slave-trade, the armed opposition of the natives—but he succeeded in planting in the new territory the See also:

• FOUNDATIONS

foundations upon which others could build up an See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration . He returned to England with his wife in 1874, and in the following year See also:

• PURCHASED

purchased the See also:

• ESTATE (through O. Fr. estat, mod. flat, from Lat. status, state, condition, position, stare, to stand)

estate of See also:

• SANDFORD, JOHN DE (d. 1294)

Sandford Orleigh in South See also:

• DEVON, EARLS OF

Devon, where he made his See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

home for the See also:

• REST (O. Eng. rest, reste, bed, cognate with other Teutonic forms, e.g. Ger. Rast, Riiste, rest, and probably Gothic Rasta, league, i.e. resting or stopping place)

rest of his life . He published his narrative of the central African expedition under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of See also:

• ISMAILIA

Ismailia (1874) . See also:

• CYPRUS
• CYPRUS, CHURCH OF

Cyprus as I saw it in 1899 was the result of a visit to that See also:

• ISLAND (O.E. ieg =isle, +land')

island . He spent several winters in Egypt, and travelled in India, the Rocky Mountains and See also:

• JAPAN

Japan in See also:

• SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of big See also:

• GAME

game, See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing in 1890 See also:

• WILD, JONATHAN (c. 1682-1725)

Wild Beasts and their Ways . He kept up an exhaustive and vigorous See also:

• CORRESPONDENCE
• CORRESPONDENCE (from med. scholastic Lat. correspondentia, corrcspondere, compounded of Lat. cum, with, and respond ere, to answer; cf. Fr. correspondance)

correspondence with men of all shades of See also:

• OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion upon Egyptian affairs, strongly opposing the See also:

• ABANDONMENT (Fr. abandonnement, from abandonner, to abandon, relinquish; abandonner was originally equivalent to mettred banddn, to leave to the jurisdiction, i.e. of another, bandon being from Low Latin bandum, bannum, order, decree, " ban ")

abandonment of the Sudan and subsequently urging its reconquest . Next to these, questions of maritime See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

defence and See also:

• STRATEGY

strategy chiefly attracted him in his later years . He died at Sandford Orleigh on the 3oth of December 1893 . See, besides his own writings, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• SAMUEL

Samuel Baker, a Memoir, by T . See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas See also:

• MURRAY
• MURRAY (or MORAY), EARLS OF
• MURRAY (or MORAY), JAMES STUART, EARL OF (c. 1531-1570)
• MURRAY (or MORAY), SIR ROBERT (c. 1600-1673)
• MURRAY, ALEXANDER STUART (1841-1904)
• MURRAY, DAVID (1849– )
• MURRAY, EUSTACE CLARE GRENVILLE (1824–1881)
• MURRAY, JAMES (c. 1719-1794)
• MURRAY, JOHN
• MURRAY, JOHN (1778–1820)
• MURRAY, LINDLEY (1745–1826)
• MURRAY, LORD GEORGE (1694–1760)
• MURRAY, SIR JAMES AUGUSTUS HENRY (1837– )
• MURRAY, SIR JOHN (1841– )

Murray and A . See also:

• SILVA, ANTONIO JOSE DA (1705–1739)

Silva White (London, 1895) .