VASCO NU1EZ DE See also:

• VASCO NU1EZ DE BALBOA (c. 1475-1517)

BALBOA (c. 1475-1517)  , the discoverer of the Pacific, a leading figure among the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish explorers and conquerors of See also:

• AMERICA

America, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at Jerez de los Caballeros, in See also:

• ESTREMADURA, or EXTREMADURA

Estremadura, about 1475 . Though poor, he was by See also:

• BIRTH (a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages from the root of the verb " to bear ")

birth a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman (See also:

• HIDALGO
• HIDALGO (a Spanish word, contracted from hijo d'algo or hijo de algo, son of something, or somewhat)

hidalgo) . Little is known of his See also:

• LIFE

life till 1501, when he followed Rodrigo de Bastidas in his voyage of See also:

• DISCOVERY

discovery to the western seas . He appears to have settled in Hispaniola, and took to cultivating See also:

• LAND

land in the neighbourhood of Salvatierra, but with no See also:

• GREAT

great success, as his debts soon became oppressive . In 1509 the famous Ojeda (Hojeda) sailed from See also:

• SAN

San Domingo with an expedition and founded the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of San See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian . He had See also:

• LEFT

left orders with Enciso, an adventurous lawyer of the See also:

• TOWN

town, to See also:

• FIT

fit out two See also:

• SHIPS

ships and convey provisions to the new settlement . Enciso set See also:

• SAIL

sail in 1510, and See also:

• BALBOA, VASCO NU1EZ DE (c. 1475-1517)

Balboa, whose debts made the town unpleasant to him, managed to accompany him by concealing himself, it is said, in a cask of " victuals for the voyage," which was conveyed from his See also:

• FARM

farm to the See also:

• SHIP

ship . The expedition reached San Sebastian to find Ojeda gone and the settlement in ruins . While Enciso was undecided how to See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

act, Balboa proposed that they should sail for See also:

• DARIEN

Darien, on the Gulf of Uraba, where he had touched when with Bastidas . _ His proposal was accepted and a new town was founded, named Sta Maria de la See also:

• ANTIGUA

Antigua del Darien; but quarrels soon See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out among the adventurers, and Enciso was deposed, thrown into See also:

• PRISON (derived through the Fr. from the Lat. prehensio, seizure)

prison and finally sent off to See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain with Balboa's ally, the See also:

• ALCALDE (from the Arab. al-quadi, the " Cadi " or judge ")

alcalde Zamudio . Being thus left in authority, Balboa began to conquer the surrounding See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country, and by his bravery, See also:

• COURTESY (O. Fr. curtesie, later courtoisie)

courtesy, kindness of See also:

• HEART
• HEART, LUNG

heart and just dealing gained the friendship of several native chiefs . On one of these excursions he heard for the first See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time, from the cacique Comogre, of the ocean on the other See also:

• SIDE
• SIDE (mod. Eski Adalia)

side of the mountains and of the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

gold of See also:

• PERU
• PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

Peru .

Soon after his return to Darien he received letters from Zamudio, informing him that Enciso had complained to the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king, and had obtained a See also:

• SENTENCE (Lat. sententia, a way of thinking, opinion, judgment; vote, sentire, to feel, think)

sentence condemning Balboa and summoning him to Spain . In his despair at this See also:

• MESSAGE (a word occurring in slightly different forms in several languages, e.g. Fr. message, Span. mensaje, Ital. messagio; adapted from the Low Lat. missaticum, from mittere)

message Vasco See also:

• NUNEZ, PEDRO (PETRUS NoNlUS) (1492—1577)

Nunez resolved to See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt some great enterprise, the success of which he trusted would conciliate his See also:

• SOVEREIGN

sovereign . On the 1st of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1513 he set out with one See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred and ninety Spaniards (Francisco See also:

• PIZARRO, FRANCISCO (c. 1471 or 1475-1541)

Pizarro among them) and one thousand natives; on the 25th or 26th of September he reached the See also:

• SUMMIT

summit of the range, and sighted the Pacific . Pizarro and two others were sent on to reconnoitre; one of these scouts, Alonzo See also:

• MARTIN (Martinus)
• MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
• MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
• MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
• MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
• MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
• MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
• MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
• MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
• MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
• MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)

Martin, was the first See also:

• EUROPEAN

European actually to embark upon the new-found ocean, in St See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael's Gulf . On the 29th of September Balboa himself arrived upon the See also:

• SHORE

shore, and formally took See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of the " Great See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea " in the name of the Spanish monarch . He remained on the See also:

• COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast for some time, heard again of Peru, visited the See also:

• PEARL
• PEARL, THE

Pearl Islands, and thence returned to Darien, which he entered in See also:

• TRIUMPH (triumphus)

triumph with a great See also:

• BOOTY (apparently influenced by " boot," O. Eng. bot, ad-vantage or profit, through an adaptation from an earlier form cognate with Ger. Beute and Fr. butin)

booty on the 18th of See also:

• JANUARY

January 1514 . He at once sent messengers to Spain bearing presents, to give an See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his discoveries; and the king, See also:

• FERDINAND
• FERDINAND (1577-1650)
• FERDINAND (COLOGNE)
• FERDINAND (Span. Fernando or Hernando; Ital. Ferdinando or Ferrante; in O. H. Ger. Herinand, i.e. " brave in the host," from O. H. G. Heri, "army," A. S. here, Mod. Ger. Heer, and the Goth. nan]jan, " to dare ")
• FERDINAND, MAXIMILIAN KARL LEOPOLD MARIA

Ferdinand the See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic, partly reconciled to his daring subject, named him Adelantado of the South Sea, or See also:

• ADMIRAL

admiral of the Pacific, and See also:

• GOVERNOR (from the Fr. gouverneur, from gouverner, O. Fr. governer, Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, to direct, guide)

governor of See also:

• PANAMA

Panama and Coyba . None the less an expedition sailed from Spain under See also:

• DON
• DON (anc. Tanais)

Don Pedro Arias de See also:

• AVILA
• AVILA (anc. Abula or Avela)
• AVILA, GIL GONZALEZ DE (c. 1577-1658)

Avila (generally called Pedrarias See also:

• DAVILA, ENRICO CATERINO (1576-1631)

Davila) to replace Balboa in the See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government of the Darien See also:

• COLONY (Lat. colonia, from colonus, a cultivator)

colony itself . Mean-while the latter had crossed the See also:

• ISTHMUS (Gr.io0pbs, neck)

isthmus and revisited the Pacific several (some say more than twenty) times; plans of the See also:

• CON

con-quest of Peru and of the exploration of the western ocean began to shape themselves in his mind; and with a view to these projects, materials for See also:

• SHIPBUILDING

shipbuilding were gathered together upon the Pacific coast, and two See also:

• LIGHT

light brigantines were built, launched and armed . With these Vasco Nunez now took possession of the Pearl Islands, and, had it not been for the See also:

• WEATHER (O. Eng. weder; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Du. weder, Dan. veir, Icel. ve8r, and Ger. Wetter and Gewitter, storm; the root is wa- to blow, from which is derived " wind ")

weather, would have reached the coast of Peru . But his career was stopped by the See also:

• JEALOUSY (adapted from Fr. jalousie, formed from jaloux, jealous, Low Lat. zelosus, Gr. j'i os, ardour, zeal, from the root seen in '&u', to boil, ferment; cf. " yeast ")

jealousy of Pedrarias, who pretended that Balboa proposed to throw off his See also:

• ALLEGIANCE (Mid. Eng. ligeaunce; med. Lat. ligeantia, &c.; the al- was probably added through confusion with another legal term, allegeance, an allegation; the Fr. allegeance comes from the English; the word is formed from " liege," of which the derivatio

allegiance, and enticed him to Acla, near Darien, by a crafty message . As soon as he had him in his See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, he threw 242 him into prison, had him tried for See also:

• TREASON (Fr. trahison, Lat. traditio)

treason, and forced the See also:

• JUDGE (Lat. judex, Fr. juge)

judge to condemn him to See also:

• DEATH

death .

The sentence was carried into See also:

• EXECUTION (from Lat. ex-sequor, exsecutus, follow or carry out)

execution on the public square of Acla in 1517 . From a reckless adventurer, Balboa had See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed into an able See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general, an excellent colonial See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator, and a statesman of mature rsdgment and brilliant foresight . See G . F. de See also:

• OVIEDO

Oviedo, Historia general ... de See also:

• LAS

las Indias (1526, ' k. xxxix. chs . 2, 3) ; D . M . T . See also:

• QUINTANA, MANUEL JOSE (1772-1857)

Quintana, Vidas de Espanoles celebres; M . F. de See also:

• NAVARRETE, JUAN FERNANDEZ (1526-1579)
• NAVARRETE, MARTIN FERNANDEZ DE (1765–1844)

Navarrete, Coleccion de los Viajes y Descubrimientos (1825-1837); J . See also:

• ACOSTA, JOSE DE (1 J39?-1600)
• ACOSTA, URIEL (d. 1647)

Acosta, Compendio historico de la Nueva See also:

• GRANADA
• GRANADA, LUIS DE (1504-1588)

Granada (1848) ; O . Peschel, Geschichte der Erdkunde (1865, p . 237), and Zeitalter der Entdeckungen, pp .

442-3 &c.; See also:

• WASHINGTON
• WASHINGTON (or WASHINGTON COURT HOUSE)
• WASHINGTON, BOOKER TALIAFERRO (c. 1859– )
• WASHINGTON, BUSHROD (1762-1829)
• WASHINGTON, GEORGE (1732-1799)

Washington See also:

• IRVING, EDWARD (1792-1834)
• IRVING, SIR HENRY (1838-1905)
• IRVING, WASHINGTON (1783-18J9)

Irving's Voyages and Discoveries of the Companions of See also:

• COLUMBUS
• COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER [in Spanish CRISTOBAL COLON] (c. 1446, or perhaps rather 1451, -15o6)

Columbus (1831), and Varela's notes on the same in Biblioteca del Comercio del See also:

• PLATA, RIO DE LA, or RIVER PLATE

Plata (See also:

• MONTE

Monte Video); Ferdinand See also:

• DENIS (DIoNysms), SAINT
• DENIS, JOHANN NEPOMUK COSMAS MICHAEL (1729-1800)

Denis, See also:

• ART

art . " Vasco Nunez de Balboa," in Nouv . Biog . Gen .