See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

BALDWIN II  ., See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

count of See also:

• EDESSA
• EDESSA (mod. , Vodena)

Edessa (troo–1118), See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• JERUSALEM (Heb. ^S0-r, Yerushalaim, pronounced as a dual)
• JERUSALEM, SYNOD OF (1672)

Jerusalem (1118–1131), originally known as See also:

• BALDWIN, JAMES MARK (1861– )
• BALDWIN, ROBERT (1804–1858)

Baldwin de See also:

• BURG

Burg, was a son of Count See also:

• HUGH
• HUGH, ST

Hugh of See also:

• RETHEL
• RETHEL, ALFRED (1816–1859)

Rethel, and a See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew of See also:

• GODFREY, SIR EDMUND BERRY (1621-1678)

Godfrey of See also:

• BOUILLON

Bouillon and Baldwin I . He appears-on the first crusade at See also:

• CONSTANTINOPLE
• CONSTANTINOPLE, COUNCILS OF

Constantinople as one of Godfrey's men; and he helped See also:

• TANCRED (d. 1112)
• TANCRED (d. 1194)

Tancred to occupy See also:

• BETHLEHEM
• BETHLEHEM (Heb. " House of Bread," or, according to a more questionable etymology, " of [the god] Lakhmu ")

Bethlehem in See also:

• JUNE

June 1099 . After the See also:

• CAPTURE (from Lat. capere, to take; Fr. prise maritime; Ger. Wegnahme)

capture of Jerusalem he served for a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time with See also:

• BOHEMUND

Bohemund at See also:

• ANTIOCH

Antioch; but when Baldwin of Edessa became king of Jerusalem, he summoned Baldwin de Burg, and See also:

• LEFT

left him as count in Edessa . From Edessa Baldwin conducted continual forays against the See also:

• MAHOMMEDAN

Mahommedan princes; and in the See also:

• GREAT

great foray of 1104, in which he was joined by Bohemund, he was defeated and captured at Balich . Tancred became See also:

• GUARDIAN

guardian of Edessa during Baldwin's captivity, and did not trouble himself greatly to procure his See also:

• RELEASE (O.Fr. reles, variant of relais, from relaisser, to release, let go, Lat. relaxare)

release . Baldwin, however, recovered his See also:

• LIBERTY (Lat. libertas, from liber, free)

liberty at the beginning of rio8, and at once entered upon a struggle with Tancred for the recovery of Edessa . In See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1108 he regained his principality; but the struggle with Tancred continued, until it was composed by Baldwin in 1109 . For the next ten years Baldwin ruled his principality with success, if not without severity . Planted in the farthest See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian outpost in See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• SYRIA

Syria, he had to meet many attacks, especially from See also:

• MARDIN

Mardin and See also:

• MOSUL

Mosul, in revenge for the provocation offered by his own forays and those of the restless Tancred . In 1110 he was besieged in Edessa, and relieved by Baldwin I.; in 1114 he repelled an attack by Aksunkur of Mosul; in 1115 he helped to defeat Aksunkur at Danith . At the same time, if See also:

• MATTHEW, GOSPEL OF ST
• MATTHEW, ST (MaOOaior or MarOaIos, probably a shortened form of the Hebrew equivalent to Theodorus)
• MATTHEW, TOBIAS

Matthew of Edessa may be trusted, he also carried his arms against the Armenians, and plundered in his avarice every Armenian of See also:

• WEALTH

wealth and position . In 1118 he was on his way to spend See also:

• EASTER

Easter at Jerusalem, when he received the See also:

• NEWS

news of the See also:

• DEATH

death of Baldwin I.; and when he arrived at Jerusalem, he was made king, chiefly by the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of. the See also:

• PATRIARCH (M.E. and O. Fr. patriarche, Lat. patriarcha, Gr. aarpuipxtis, from srarptu., clan, and apxil, rule)

patriarch See also:

• ARNULF (c. 850-899)

Arnulf .

In a reign of thirteen years, Baldwin II. extended the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Jerusalem to its widest limits . His reign is marked by almost incessant fighting in northern Syria . In 1119, after the defeat and death of See also:

• ROGER (d. 1139)
• ROGER (d. 1181)

Roger of Antioch, he defeated the amirs of Mardin and See also:

• DAMASCUS

Damascus at Danith; in subsequent years he extended his sway to the very See also:

• GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

gates of See also:

• ALEPPO (native Haleb)

Aleppo . In 1123 he was captured by Balak of Mardin, and confined in See also:

• KHARPUT

Kharput with Joscelin, his successor in the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county of Edessa, who had been captured in the previous See also:

• YEAR

year . During his captivity Eustace Graverius became See also:

• REGENT (from Lat. regere, to rule)

regent of Jerusalem, and succeeded, with the aid of the Venetians, in repelling an See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian attack, and even in capturing See also:

• TYRE (Phoen. and Hebr. =" rock," Assyr. S'urru, Egypt. Dara, Early Lat. Sarra)

Tyre, 1124 . In 1124 Baldwin II. succeeded in securing his liberty, under conditions which he instantly See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke; and he at once embarked on strenuous and not unsuccessful hostilities against Aleppo and Damascus (1124-1127), exacting See also:

• TRIBUTE (Lat. tributurn, a stated payment, contribution)

tribute from both . During his reign he twice acted as regent in Antioch (1119, 1130), and in 1126 he married his daughter Alice to Bohemund II . In 1128 he offered the See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand of his eldest daughter, Melisinda, to See also:

• FULK
• FULK (d. goo)

Fulk of See also:

• ANJOU

Anjou, who had been recommended to him by See also:

• HONORIUS
• HONORIUS, FLAVIUS (384-423)

Honorius II . In 1129 Fulk came and married Melisinda, and in 1131, on the death of Baldwin, he succeeded to the See also:

• CROWN

crown . Baldwin II. had much of the churchmanship of Godfrey and Baldwin I.; but he appears most decidedly as an incessant See also:

• WARRIOR

warrior, under whom the Latin domination in the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East stretched, as See also:

• IBN

Ibn al-Athir writes, in a See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• LINE

line from Mardin in the See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North to el-Arish on the Red See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

Sea—a line only broken by the Mahommedan See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers of Aleppo, See also:

• HAMAH

Hamah, Horns and Damascus . The See also:

• FRANKS
• FRANKS, SIR AUGUSTUS WOLLASTON (1826-1897)

Franks controlled the great routes of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, and took tolls of the traders; and in 1130 their See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power may be regarded as having reached its height .