See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

MICHAEL See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

WILLIAM See also:

• MICHAEL WILLIAM BALFE (1808-1870)

BALFE (1808-1870)  , Irish musical composer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 15th of May ISo8, at See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin . His musical gifts became apparent at an See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . The only instruction he received was from his See also:

• FATHER

father, who was a dancing See also:

• MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master, and from a,musician, C . E . See also:

• HORN
• HORN (a common Teutonic word, cognate with Lat. cornu; cf. Gr. Kipas)
• HORN (Lat. cornu; corresponding terms being Fr. cor, trompe; Ger. Horn; Ital. corno)
• HORN, ARVID BERNHARD, COUNT (1664-1742)
• HORN, PHILIP DE MONTMORENCY, COUNT

Horn (1786-1849) . Between 1814 and1815 he played the See also:

• VIOLIN

violin for his father's dancing-classes, and at the age of seven composed a See also:

• POLACCA

polacca . In 1817 he appeared as a violinist in public, and in this See also:

• YEAR

year composed a ballad, first called " See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

Young Fanny " and afterwards, when sung in See also:

• PAUL
• PAUL (PAULUS)

Paul Pry by Madame See also:

• VESTRIS, GAETANO APPOLINO BALDASSARE (1729-18o8)
• VESTRIS, LUCIA ELIZABETH (1797—1856)

Vestris, " The Lovers' See also:

• MISTAKE (i.e. take amiss)

Mistake." On the See also:

• DEATH

death of his father in 1823 he was engaged in the See also:

• ORCHESTRA (Fr. Orchestre; Ger. Kapelle, Orchester; Ital. Orchestra)

orchestra of See also:

• DRURY, SIR WILLIAM (1527-1579)

Drury See also:

• LANE, EDWARD WILLIAM (1801–1876)
• LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

Lane, and being in See also:

• POSSESSION
• POSSESSION (Lat. possessio, possidere, to possess)

possession of a small but pleasant baritone See also:

• VOICE (Fr. voix, from Lat. vox)

voice, he See also:

• CHOSE (Fr. for " thing ")

chose the career of an operatic See also:

• SINGER, SIMEON (1846-1906)

singer . An unsuccessful debut was made at See also:

• NORWICH
• NORWICH, GEORGE GORING, EARL OF (1583?-1663)

Norwich in Der Freischiitz . In 1825 he was taken to See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome by See also:

• COUNT (Lat. comes, gen. comitis, Fr. comte, Ital. conte, Span. conde)

Count Mazzara, being introduced to See also:

• CHERUBINI, MARIA LUIGI CARLO ZENOBIO SALVATORE (1760-1842)

Cherubini on the way . In See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy he wrote his first dramatic See also:

• WORK

work, a See also:

• BALLET

ballet, La Perouse . At the See also:

• CLOSE
• CLOSE (from Lat. clausum, shut)
• CLOSE, MAXWELL HENRY (1822-1903)

close of 1827 he appeared as See also:

• FIGARO

Figaro in See also:

• ROSSINI, GIOACHINO ANTONIO (1792-1868)

Rossini's Barbiere, at the See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• OPERA (Italian for " work ")

opera in See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris . See also:

• BALFE, MICHAEL WILLIAM (1808-1870)

Balfe soon returned to Italy, where, during the next nine years, he remained, singing at various theatres and composing a number of operas .

During this See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he married Mdlle Luisa Roser, a Hungarian singer whom he had met at See also:

• BERGAMO
• BERGAMO (anc. Bergomum)

Bergamo . See also:

• FETIS, FRANCOIS JOSEPH (1784–1871)

Fetis says that the public indignation roused by an See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt at " improving " See also:

• MEYERBEER, GIACOMO (1791-1863)

Meyerbeer's opera Il Crociato by interpolated See also:

• MUSIC

music of his own compelled Balfe to throw up his engagement at the See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre La Fenice in See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice . By this time he had produced his first See also:

• COMPLETE

complete opera, I Rivali di se stessi, at See also:

• PALERMO (Greek, Havopuos; Latin, Panhormus, Panormus)

Palermo in the See also:

• CARNIVAL (Med. Lat. carnelevarium, from taro, tarns, flesh, and levare, to lighten or put aside; the derivation from valere, to say farewell, is unsupported)

carnival See also:

• SEASON (0. Fr. seson, seison, mod. saison, Lat. satio, sowing time, the spring, from serere, to sow; in Late Lat. the word is found with its present meaning, the spring being considered as particularly the season of the year)

season of 1829–1830; the opera Un Avvertimento ai gelosi at See also:

• PAVIA (anc. Ticinum, q.v.)

Pavia; and Enrico See also:

• QUARTO

Quarto at See also:

• MILAN
• MILAN (Ital. Milano, Ger. Mailand, anc. Mediolanum, q.v.)

Milan, where he had been engaged to sing with See also:

• MALIBRAN, MARIE

Malibran at the Scala . He returned to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England in the See also:

• SPRING (from " to spring," " to leap or jump up," " burst out," O. Eng., springau, a common Teut. word, cf. Ger. springer, possibly allied to Gr. QnrFpxecOac, to move rapidly)

spring of 1833, and on the 29th of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1835 his See also:

• SIEGE (0. Fr. sege, siege, mod. siege, seat, ultimately from sedere, to sit, cf. Class. Lat. obsidium, a siege)

Siege of Rochelle was produced and rapturously received at Drury Lane . Encouraged by his success, he produced The Maid of See also:

• ARTOIS

Artois on the 27th of May 1836—the success of the opera being confirmed by the exquisite singing of Malibran . Balfe was a prolific composer, as may be seen from the following imperfect See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of his See also:

• ENGLISH

English operas alone ge of Rochelle (1835); The Maid of Artois (1836); See also:

• CATHERINE
• CATHERINE, SAINT

Catherine See also:

• GREY, CHARLES GREY, 2ND EARL (1764-1845)
• GREY, HENRY GREY, 3RD EARL (1802-1894)
• GREY, LADY JANE (1537-1554)
• GREY, SIR EDWARD
• GREY, SIR GEORGE (1812–1898)

Grey (1837); See also:

• JOAN

Joan of Arc (1837); Falstaff (1838, See also:

• LABLACHE, LUIGI (1794–1858)

Lablache in See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title-role); Amelia, or the Love Test (1838); Keolanthe (1841); The Bohemian Girl, his best known work (1844); The Daughter of St . See also:

• MARK
• MARK, CARL (1858– )
• MARK, GOSPEL OF ST
• MARK, ST

Mark (1844); The Enchantress (1845); The Bondman (1846); The See also:

• DEVIL (Gr. &a,3oXos, " slanderer," from &ctflisXX sty, to slander)

Devil's in it (1847); The Maid of See also:

• HONOUR (Lat. honos or lwnor, honoris; in English the word was spelled with or without the u indifferently until the 17th century, but during the 18th century it became fashion-able to spell the word " honor "; Johnson's and Webster's Dictionaries stereoty

Honour (1847); The Sicilian See also:

• BRIDE (a common Teutonic word, e.g..Goth. bruths, O. Eng. bryd, O. H. Ger. prs2t, Mod. Ger. Bract, Dut. bruid, possibly derived from the root bru-, cook, brew; from the med. latinized form bruta, in the sense of daughter-in-law, is derived the Fr. bru)

Bride (1852); The See also:

• ROSE
• ROSE (Rosa)
• ROSE, GEORGE (1744-1818)
• ROSE, HUGH JAMES (1795—1838)
• ROSE, WILLIAM STEWART (1775-1843)

Rose of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile (1857); Satanella (1858); Bianca (1860); The Puritan's Daughter (1861) ; The Armourer of See also:

• NANTES
• NANTES, EDICT OF

Nantes (1863); See also:

• BLANCHE, JACQUES EMILE (1861– )

Blanche de See also:

• NEVERS

Nevers (1863) . Balfe also wrote several operas for the Opera Comique and See also:

• GRAND

Grand Opera in Paris, where MM . See also:

• SCRIBE, AUGUSTIN EUGENE (1791-1860, French dramatist, was born in Paris on the 24th of December 1791. His father was a silk merchant, and he was well educated, being destined for the bar. But, having a real gift for the theatre, a gift which unfortunately

Scribe and St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George provided him with the libretti for his LePuits d'amour (1843) and his See also:

• LES

Les Quatre Fils Aymon (1844) . His L'Etoile de See also:

• SEVILLE
• SEVILLE (Span. Sevilla, Lat. Ispalis or Hispalis, Moorish Ishbiliya)

Seville was written in 1845 for the Academie Royale . The fact that Balfe was an Irishman, who produced operas in English, See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French and Italian with conspicuous success, is in itself interesting . When to this we add the See also:

• RECORD (Lat. recordari, to recall to mind, from cor, heart or mind)

record of his operatic impersonations on the See also:

• STAGE (Fr. 6/age; from Lat. stare, to stand)

stage, the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European success of his Bohemian Girl, his picturesque retirement into See also:

• HERTFORDSHIRE [HERrs]

Hertfordshire in 1864 as a See also:

• GENTLEMAN (from Lat. gentilis, " belonging to a race or gens," and " man "; Fr. gentilhomme, Span. gentil hombre, Ital. gentil huomo, in its original and strict signification, a term denoting a man of good family, the Lat. generosus (its invariable transl

gentleman See also:

• FARMER, RICHARD (1735–1787)

farmer, and above all the undeniable See also:

• GIFT (a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. die Gift, gift, das Gift, poison, formed from the Teut. stem gab-, to give, cf. Dutch geven, Ger. geben; in O. Eng. the word appears with initial y, the guttural of later English is due to Scandinavian influence)

gift for creating such pure melodies as his songs "When other See also:

• HEARTS

Hearts" and "I dreamt that I dwelt in See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble halls," it is idle to refuse him a prominent See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place in the See also:

• HISTORY

history of music .

He wrote much that was trivial, but also much that was enduring . He died on the loth of October 1870, and was buried at Kensal See also:

• GREEN, A
• GREEN, ALEXANDER HENRY (1832—1896)
• GREEN, DUFF (1791—1875)
• GREEN, JOHN RICHARD (1837—1883)
• GREEN, MATTHEW (1696-1737)
• GREEN, THOMAS HILL (1836-1882)
• GREEN, VALENTINE (1739–1813)
• GREEN, WILLIAM HENRY (.1825–1900)

Green . In 1882 a medallion portrait of him was unveiled in See also:

• WESTMINSTER
• WESTMINSTER, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• WESTMINSTER, STATUTES OF
• WESTMINSTER, SYNODS OF

Westminster See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey . See also:

• BALFOUR, FRANCIS MAITLAND (1851-1882)
• BALFOUR, ROBERT (known also as BALFOREUS) (1550?-1625?)
• BALFOUR, SIR JAMES (of Pittendreich) (d. 1583 Or 1584)
• BALFOUR, SIR JAMES, BART

BALFOUR, See also:

• ARTHUR (Fr. Arius)
• ARTHUR, CHESTER ALAN (1830 – 1886)

ARTHUR See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

JAMES (1848– ), See also:

• BRITISH

British statesman, eldestsonof James See also:

• MAITLAND (MAITLAND OF LETHINGTON), WILLIAM
• MAITLAND, EAST
• MAITLAND, EDWARD (1824-1897)
• MAITLAND, FREDERIC WILLIAM (1850-1906)
• MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD (LORD LETHINGTON) (1496-r586)

Maitland Balfour of Whittingehame, See also:

• HADDINGTONSHIRE, or EAST LOTHIAN

Haddingtonshire, and of See also:

• LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Blanche Gascoyne See also:

• CECIL

Cecil, a See also:

• SISTER

sister of the third See also:

• MARQUESS (1760-1842)
• MARQUESS, or MARQUIS (Fr. marquis, Ital. marchese; from med. Lat. marchio, marchisus, i.e. comes marchiae, " count of the March ")

marquess of See also:

• SALISBURY
• SALISBURY, EARLS OF
• SALISBURY, ROBERT ARTHUR TALBOT GASCOYNECECIL, 3RD MARQUESS OF (1830-1903)
• SALISBURY, ROBERT CECIL, 1ST EARL OF (c. 1565-1612)
• SALISBURY, THOMAS DE MONTACUTE, 4TH EARL OF (1388-1428)
• SALISBURY, WILLIAM LONGSWORD (or LONGESPEE), EARL OF (d. 1226)

Salisbury, was born on the 25th of See also:

• JULY

July 1848 . He was educated at See also:

• ETON

Eton and Trinity See also:

• COLLEGE (Collegium)

College, See also:

• CAMBRIDGE
• CAMBRIDGE, EARLS AND DUKES OF
• CAMBRIDGE, RICHARD OWEN (1717-1802)

Cambridge . In 1874 he became M.P. in the Conservative See also:

• INTEREST

interest for See also:

• HERTFORD
• HERTFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Hertford, and represented that See also:

• CONSTITUENCY (from " constituent," that which forms a necessary part of a thing; Lat. constituere, to create)

constituency until 1885 . When, in the spring of 1878, See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

Lord Salisbury became See also:

• FOREIGN

foreign See also:

• MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister on theresignation of the fifteenth Lord See also:

• DERBY
• DERBY, EARLS OF

Derby, Mr Balfourbecamehis private secretary . In that capacity he accompanied his See also:

• UNCLE

uncle to the See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin See also:

• CONGRESS (Lat. congressus, coming together, from congredi; cum, with, and gradus, step)

congress, and gained his first experience of See also:

• INTERNATIONAL, THE

international politics in connexion with the See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement of the Russo-See also:

• TURKISH

Turkish conflict . It was at this time also that he became known in the See also:

• WORLD

world of letters, the intellectual subtlety and See also:

• LITERARY

literary capacity of his See also:

• DEFENCE
• DEFENCE (Lat. defendere, to defend)

Defence of Philosophic Doubt (1879) suggesting that he might make a reputation as a speculative thinker . Belonging, however, to a class in which the responsibilities of See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government are a traditional See also:

• DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty, Mr Balfour divided his time between the See also:

• POLITICAL

political See also:

• ARENA (Lat. for " sand ")

arena and the study . Being released from his duties as private secretary by the See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general See also:

• ELECTION
• ELECTION (from Lat. eligere, to pick out)

election of 188o, he began to take a rather more active See also:

• PART

part in See also:

• PARLIAMENTARY

parliamentary affairs . He was for a time politically associated with Lord See also:

• RANDOLPH, EDMUND [JENNINGS] (1753–1813)
• RANDOLPH, JOHN (1773–1833)
• RANDOLPH, PEYTON (1721-1775)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1523-1590)
• RANDOLPH, THOMAS (1605-1635)

Randolph See also:

• CHURCHILL (MISSINNIPPI or ENGLISH)
• CHURCHILL, CHARLES (1731-1764)
• CHURCHILL, LORD RANDOLPH HENRY SPENCER (1849-1895)

Churchill, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry See also:

• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1786-r86o)
• DRUMMOND, HENRY (1851-1897)
• DRUMMOND, THOMAS (r797-1840)
• DRUMMOND, WILLIAM (1585-1649)

Drummond See also:

• WOLFF (less correctly WOLF), CHRISTIAN (1679-1754)
• WOLFF, CASPAR FRIEDRICH (1733-1794)
• WOLFF, JOSEPH (1795–1862)

Wolff and Sir See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John (then Mr) See also:

• GORST, SIR JOHN ELDON (1835- )

Gorst, the quartette becoming known as the " See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth Party," and gaining notoriety by the freedom of the criticisms directed by its See also:

• LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader, Lord Randolph Churchill, against Sir See also:

• STAFFORD
• STAFFORD, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF

Stafford See also:

• NORTHCOTE, JAMES (1746-1831)

Northcote, Lord See also:

• CROSS

Cross and other prominent members of the " old gang." In these sallies, however, Mr Balfour had no See also:

• DIRECT

direct See also:

• SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share .

He was thought to ,be merely amusing himself with politics . It was regarded as doubtful whether his See also:

• HEALTH

health could withstand the severity of English winters, and the delicacy of his physique and the languor of his manner helped to create the impression that, however See also:

• GREAT

great his intellectual See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers might be, he had neither the bodily strength nor the See also:

• ENERGY (from the Gr. ivipyela; iv, in, ipyov, work)

energy of See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character requisite for a political career . He was the " See also:

• ODD (in middle English odde, from old Norwegian oddi, an angle of a triangle; the old Norwegian oddamann is used of the third man who gives a casting vote in a dispute)

odd See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man " of the Fourth Party, apparently content to fetch and carry for his colleagues, and was believed to have no definite ambitions of his own . His reputation in the See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament of 188o-1886 was that of a See also:

• DILETTANTE

dilettante, who allied himself with the three politicians already named from a feeling of irresponsibility rather than of See also:

• EARNEST (probably a corruption of the obsolete arles or erles, adapted from Lat. equivalent arrha, due to a confusion with the adjective " earnest," serious, O. Eng. eornust, cognate with Ger. ernst)

earnest purpose; he was regarded as one who, on the rare occasions when•he spoke, was more desirous to impart an See also:

• ACADEMIC

academic quality to his speeches than to make any solid contribution to public questions . The See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, indeed, did not take him quite seriously . Members did not suspect the reserve of strength and ability beneath what seemed to them to be the pose of a parliamentary fldneur; they looked upon him merely as a young member of the governing classes who remained in the House because it was the proper thing for a man of See also:

• FAMILY

family to do . As a member of the coterie known as the " Souls " he was, so to speak, See also:

• CAVIARE, or CAVIAR

caviare to the general . Indolence was supposed to be the keynote of his character—a refined indolence, not, however, without cleverness of a somewhat cynical and See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order . That these views were not shared by Lord Salisbury was sufficiently shown by the fact that in his first See also:

• ADMINISTRATION (Lat. administrare, to serve)

administration (See also:

• JUNE

June 1885-See also:

• JANUARY

January 1886) he made Mr Balfour See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• LOCAL

Local Government See also:

• BOARD (O. Eng. bord)

Board, and in forming his second administration (July 1886) secretary for See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland with a seat in the See also:

• CABINET

cabinet . These offices gave few opportunities for distinction, and may be regarded merely as Mr Balfour's See also:

• APPRENTICESHIP (from Fr. apprendre, to learn)

apprenticeship to departmental responsibilities . The accidents of political See also:

• LIFE

life suddenly opened out to him a career which made him, next to Lord Salisbury, the most prominent, the most admired and the most attacked Conservative politician of the See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . Sir See also:

• MICHAEL
• MICHAEL (1596-1645)
• MICHAEL (Hebrew Sn,q, " Who is like God? ")

Michael See also:

• HICKS, ELIAS (1748-1830)
• HICKS, HENRY (1837-1899)
• HICKS, WILLIAM (1830-1883)

Hicks-See also:

• BEACH

Beach, who was See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief secretary for See also:

• IRELAND
• IRELAND, CHURCH
• IRELAND, CHURCH OF
• IRELAND, JOHN (1761-1842)
• IRELAND, JOHN (1838- )
• IRELAND, WILLIAM HENRY (1777-1835)

Ireland, suffered from an See also:

• AFFECTION (Lat. ad, and facere, to do something to, sc. a person)

affection of the eyes and found it desirable to resign, and Lord Salisbury appointed his See also:

• NEPHEW

nephew in his See also:

• STEAD, WILLIAM THOMAS (1849– )

stead .

The selection took the political world by surprise, and was much criticized . By the Irish Nationalists it was received with contemptuous ridicule, for none suspected Mr Balfour's immense strength of will, his debating See also:

• POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power, his ability in attack and his still greater capacity to disregard See also:

• CRITICISM
• CRITICISM (from the Gr. KpiTrlS, a judge, Kpivew, to decide, to give an authoritative opinion)

criticism . The debates on the Crimes See also:

• BILL

Bill and the Irish See also:

• LAND

Land Bill quickly undeceived them, and the steady and even remorseless vigour with which the government of Ireland was conducted speedily convinced the House of See also:

• COMMONS

Commons and the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country that Mr . Balfour was in his right place as chief secretary . His policy was that of " See also:

• COERCION (from Lat. coercere, to restrain)
• COERCION, CONTRACT

coercion "—the fearless administration of the Crimes See also:

• ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act,—coupled with remedial legislation; and he enforced the one while he proceeded with the other, regardless of the See also:

• RISK

risk of out-rage outside the House and of insult within . Mr Balfour's work in this See also:

• OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office covered one of the most turbulent and most exciting periods in See also:

• MODERN

modern parliamentary history and Irish administration . With a courage that never faltered he See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke down the See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

Plan of See also:

• CAMPAIGN

Campaign in Ireland, and in parliament he not only withstood the assaults of the Irish Nationalists, but waged successful warfare with the entire See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

Home See also:

• RULE

Rule party . He combined an obstinacy of will with a mastery of facts unsurpassed by any of his predecessors in the secretaryship . Events, it is true, were in his favour . The disclosures before the See also:

• PARNELL, CHARLES STEWART (1846-1891)
• PARNELL, THOMAS (1679-1718)

Parnell See also:

• COMMISSION (from Lat. commissio, committere)

Commission, the O'Shea divorceproceedings, the downfall of Mr Parnell and the disruption of the Irish party, assisted him in his task; but the fact remains that by persistent courage and undeviating thoroughness he reduced See also:

• CRIME (Lat. crimen, accusation)

crime in Ireland to a vanishing point . His work was also constructive, for he broadened the basis of material prosperity and social progress by creating the Congested Districts Board in 189o . During this See also:

• PERIOD
• PERIOD (Gr. irepioSos, a going or way round, circuit, aepi, round, and &Sis, way, road)

period, from 1886-1892, moreover, he See also:

• DEVELOPED

developed gifts of See also:

• ORATORY (Lat. oratorio, sc. ors; from orare, to speak or pray)

oratory which made him one of the most effective of public speakers .

Impressive in See also:

• MATTER

matter rather than in manner of delivery, and seldom rising to the level of eloquence in the sense in which that quality was understood in a House which had listened to See also:

• BRIGHT, JOHN (1811-188g)
• BRIGHT, SIR CHARLES TILSTON

Bright and See also:

• GLADSTONE
• GLADSTONE, JOHN HALL (1827-1902)
• GLADSTONE, WILLIAM EWART (1809–1898)

Gladstone, his speeches were logical and convincing, and their attractive literary See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form delighted a wider See also:

• AUDIENCE (from Lat. audire, to hear)

audience than that which listens to the See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere politician . In 1888 Mr Balfour served on the See also:

• GOLD
• GOLD [symbol Au, atomic weight 195.7(H = 1),197.2(0 =16)]

Gold and See also:

• SILVER

Silver Commission, currency problems from the standpoint of See also:

• BIMETALLISM

bimetallism being among the more academic subjects which had engaged his See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention . On the death of Mr W . H . See also:

• SMITH
• SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
• SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
• SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
• SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
• SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
• SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
• SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
• SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
• SMITH, G
• SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
• SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
• SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
• SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
• SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
• SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
• SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
• SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
• SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
• SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
• SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
• SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
• SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
• SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
• SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
• SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
• SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
• SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
• SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
• SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
• SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
• SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
• SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
• SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)

Smith in 1891 he became first lord of the See also:

• TREASURY

treasury and leader of the House of Commons, and in that capacity introduced in 1892 a Local Government Bill for Ireland . The Conservative government was then at the end of its tether, and the project See also:

• FELL
• FELL, JOHN (1625-1686)

fell through . For the next three years Mr Balfour led the opposition_ with great skill and address . On the return of the Unionists to power in 1895 he resumed the leadership of the House, but not at first with the success expected of him, his management of the abortive See also:

• EDUCATION

education proposals of '96 being thought, even by his own supporters, to show a disinclination for the continuous drudgery of parliamentary management under modern conditions . But after the opening session matters proceeded more smoothly, and Mr Balfour regained his old position in the estimation of the House and the country . He had the See also:

• SATISFACTION (Lat. salisfacerc, to satisfy)

satisfaction of seeing a bill pass for providing Ireland with an improved See also:

• SYSTEM

system of local government, and took an active share in the debates on the various foreign and domestic questions that came before, parliament during 1895-1900 . His championship of the voluntary See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, his adroit parliamentary handling of the problems opened up by the so-called " crisis in the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church " caused by the See also:

• PROTESTANT

Protestant See also:

• MOVEMENT

movement against ritualistic practices, and his pronouncement in favour of a See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic university for Ireland—for which he outlined a See also:

• SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)

scheme that met with much adverse criticism both from his colleagues and his party,—were the most important aspects of Mr Balfour's activity during these years . His speeches and work throughout this period took a wider range than before his See also:

• ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession to the leadership of the Commons .

During the illness of Lord Salisbury in 1898, and again in Lord Salisbury's See also:

• ABSENCE (Lat. absentia)

absence abroad, he was in See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge of the foreign office, and it fell to his See also:

• LOT
• LOT (Lat. Oltis)

lot to conduct the very See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical negotiations with See also:

• RUSSIA
• RUSSIA (Rossiya)

Russia on the question of See also:

• RAILWAYS

railways in See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• CHINA

China . To his firmness, and at the same time to the conciliatory readiness with which he accepted and elaborated the principles of a modus vivendi, the two powers owed the avoidance of what threatened to be a dangerous See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel . As a member of the cabinet responsible for the See also:

• TRANSVAAL

Transvaal negotiations in 1899 he See also:

• BORE

bore his full share of controversy, and when the See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

war opened so disastrously he was the first to realize the See also:

• NECESSITY (Lat. necessitas)

necessity for putting the full military strength of the country into the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field . At the general election of 190o he was returned for See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East See also:

• MANCHESTER
• MANCHESTER (popularly Manchester-by-the-Sea)
• MANCHESTER, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Manchester (which he had represented since 1885) by a See also:

• MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority of 2453, and continued in office as first lord of the treasury . His leadership of the House of Commons in the first session of the new parliament was marked by considerable firmness in the suppression of obstruction, but there was a slight revival of the criticisms which had been current in 1896 . Mr Balfour's inability to get the maximum amount of work out of the House was largely due to the situation in See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

South See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, which absorbed the intellectual energies of the House and of the country and impeded the progress of legislation . The See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal achievements of the See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long session of .1902 (which extended to the autumn) were the passing of the Education Act, —entirely reorganizing the system of See also:

• PRIMARY

primary education, abolishing the school boards and making the See also:

• COUNTY (through Norm. Fr. comae, cf. O. Fr. cunte, conk', Mod. Fr. comae, from Lat. comitatus, cf. Ital. comitato, Prov. comtat; see COUNT)

county See also:

• COUNCILS

councils the local authority; new rules of See also:

• PROCEDURE (Fr. procedure, from Lat. procedere, to go for-ward)

procedure; and the creation of the See also:

• METROPOLITAN (Lat. metropolitanus, Gr. µnrpoiroXtrns)

Metropolitan See also:

• WATER

Water Board; and on all these questions, and particularly the two first, Mr Balfour's powers as a debater were brilliantly exhibited . On Lord Salisbury's resignation on the rith of July 1902, Mr Balfour succeeded him as See also:

• PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime minister, with the cordial approval of all sections of the Unionist party . For the next three and a See also:

• HALF

half years his premiership involves the political history of England, at a peculiarly interesting period both for foreign and domestic affairs . Within a few See also:

• WEEKS, EDWIN LORD (1849-1903)

weeks Mr Balfour had reconstituted the cabinet . He himself became first lord of the treasury and lord privy See also:

• SEAL
• SEAL, FUR
• SEAL, HAIR

seal, with the See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• DEVONSHIRE (DEvoN)
• DEVONSHIRE, EARLS AND DUKES OF

Devonshire (remaining lord president of the See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council) as leader of the House of Lords; Lord See also:

• LANSDOWNE
• LANSDOWNE, WILLIAM PETTY FITZMAURICE, 1ST MARQUESS OF (1737-18o5)

Lansdowne remained foreign secretary, Mr (afterwards Lord) See also:

• RITCHIE, CHARLES THOMSON RITCHIE, 1ST BARON (1838-1906)
• RITCHIE, DAVID GEORGE (1853-1903)

Ritchie took the place of Sir Michael Hicks-Beach (after-wards Lord St Aldwyn) as See also:

• CHANCELLOR (M. Eng. and Anglo-Fr. canceler, chanceler, Fr. chancelier, Lat. cancellarius)

chancellor of the See also:

• EXCHEQUER

exchequer, Mr J . See also:

• CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
• CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
• CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)

Chamberlain remained colonial secretary, his son See also:

• AUSTEN, JANE (1775-1817)

Austen being postmaster-general with a seat in the cabinet .

Mr G . See also:

• WYNDHAM, SIR CHARLES (1837— )
• WYNDHAM, SIR WILLIAM, BART

Wyndham as chief secretary for Ireland was included in the cabinet; Lord See also:

• SELBORNE
• SELBORNE, ROUNDELL PALMER, 1ST EARL
• SELBORNE, WILLIAM WALDEGRAVE PALMER, 2ND EARL OF (18J9- )

Selborne remained at the See also:

• ADMIRALTY, HIGH COURT OF

admiralty, Mr St John Brodrick (afterwards Lord See also:

• MIDLETON, or MIDDLETON
• MIDLETON, WILLIAM ST JOHN FREMANTLE BRODRICK, 9TH VISCOUNT (1856— )

Midleton) war minister, Lord George See also:

• HAMILTON
• HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
• HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
• HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
• HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
• HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
• HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
• HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
• HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
• HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
• HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
• HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
• HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
• HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
• HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)

Hamilton secretary for See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India, and Mr Akers-See also:

• DOUGLAS
• DOUGLAS, GAVIN (1474?-1522)
• DOUGLAS, JOHN (1721—1807.)
• DOUGLAS, SIR CHARLES
• DOUGLAS, SIR HOWARD
• DOUGLAS, STEPHEN ARNOLD (18,3–1861)

Douglas, who had been first See also:

• COMMISSIONER

commissioner of See also:

• WORKS

works, became home secretary; Lord Balfour of Burleigh remained secretary for Scotland, Lord See also:

• DUDLEY
• DUDLEY, BARONS AND EARLS OF
• DUDLEY, EDMUND (c. 1462—1510)
• DUDLEY, SIR ROBERT (1573—1649)
• DUDLEY, THOMAS (1576-1653)

Dudley succeeded Lord See also:

• CADOGAN, WILLIAM CADOGAN

Cadogan as lord See also:

• LIEUTENANT

lieutenant of Ireland, and Lord See also:

• LONDONDERRY
• LONDONDERRY, CHARLES WILLIAM STEWART (VANE), 3RD MARQUESS
• LONDONDERRY, EARLS AND MARQUESSES OF
• LONDONDERRY, or DERRY
• LONDONDERRY, ROBERT STEWART, 2ND MARQUESS OF (1769-1822)

Londonderry became president of the Board of Education (with Sir See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William See also:

• ANSON, GEORGE ANSON, BARON (1697-1762)

Anson as parliamentary secretary in the House of Commons) . Mr Balfour's See also:

• BROTHER

brother Gerald (b . 1853), who had entered public life as his private secretary when at the Local Government Board, and had been chief secretary for Ireland from 1895-1900, retained his position (since 1900) as president of the Board of See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

Trade . The new prime minister came into power practically at the same moment as the See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king's See also:

• CORONATION (Lat. corona, crown)

coronation (see See also:

• EDWARD

EDWARD VII.) and the end of the South See also:

• AFRICAN

African War (see TRANSVAAL) . The task of clearing up after the war, both in South Africa and at home, See also:

• LAY

lay before him; but his cordial relations with Mr Chamberlain (q.v.), and the enthusiastic support of a large parliamentary majority, made the prospects See also:

• FAIR

fair . For a while no See also:

• CLOUD (from the same root, if not the same word, as " clod," a word common in various forms to Teutonic languages for a mass or lump; it is first applied in the usual sense in the late 13th century; the Anglo-Saxon chid is only used in the sense of " a ma

cloud appeared on the See also:

• HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon: and the Liberal party were still disorganized (see See also:

• CAMPBELL, ALEXANDER (1788–1866)
• CAMPBELL, BEATRICE STELLA (Mrs PATRICK CAMPBELL) (1865– )
• CAMPBELL, GEORGE (1719–1796)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN
• CAMPBELL, JOHN (1708-1775)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN CAMPBELL, BARON (1779-1861)
• CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS
• CAMPBELL, LEWIS (1830-1908)
• CAMPBELL, REGINALD JOHN (1867— )
• CAMPBELL, THOMAS (1777—1844)

CAMPBELL-BANNERMAN and See also:

• ROSEBERY, ARCHIBALD PHILIP PRIMROSE, 5TH

ROSEBERY) Over their attitude towards the Boers . Mr Chamberlain went to South Africa in the See also:

• LATE

late autumn, with the See also:

• HOPE, ANTHONY
• HOPE, THOMAS (c. 1770-1831)

hope that his See also:

• PERSONALITY (from Lat. persona, originally an actor's mask, from personare,1 to sound through)

personality would See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence the settlement there; and the session of 1903 opened in See also:

• FEBRUARY

February with no hint of troubles to come . A difficulty with See