See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

JOHN DE See also:

• BALIOL
• JOHN DE BALIOL (1249–1315)

BALIOL (1249–1315)  , See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

king of See also:

• SCOTLAND
• SCOTLAND, CHURCH OF
• SCOTLAND, EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF

Scotland, was a son of See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John de See also:

• BALIOL
• BALIOL, JOHN DE (1249–1315)

Baliol (d . 1269) of See also:

• BARNARD, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS PORTER (1809–1889)
• BARNARD, GEORGE GREY (1863— )
• BARNARD, HENRY (1811-1900)
• BARNARD, JOHN
• BARNARD, LADY ANNE (1750–1825)

Barnard See also:

• CASTLE
• CASTLE (Lat. castellum, a fort, diminutive of castra, a camp; Fr. chateau and chdtel)

Castle, See also:

• DURHAM
• DURHAM, JOHN GEORGE LAMBTON, 1ST EARL OF (1792–1840)

Durham, by his wife Dervorguila, daughter of Alan, See also:

• EARL

earl of See also:

• GALLOWAY
• GALLOWAY, JOSEPH (1731-1803)
• GALLOWAY, THOMAS (1796-1851)

Galloway, and became See also:

• HEAD (in 0. Eng. heafad; the word is common to Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch hoofd, Ger. Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat. caput, Gr. KerbOvi7)
• HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER, BART
• HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND, BART

head of the Baliol See also:

• FAMILY

family (see above) and See also:

• LORD
• LORD (O. Eng. hldford, i.e. hldfweard, the warder or keeper of bread, hlIf, loaf; the word is not represented in any other Teutonic language)
• LORD, JOHN (1810-1894)

lord of extensive lands in See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• FRANCE
• FRANCE, ANATOLE (1844– )

France and Scotland on his See also:

• ELDER (0. Eng. ellarn; Ger. Holunder; Fr. sureau)
• ELDER (Gr. 1rpev(3iTepos)

elder See also:

• BROTHER

brother's See also:

• DEATH

death in 1278 . Little else, however, is known of his See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early See also:

• LIFE

life . He came into prominence when the Scottish See also:

• THRONE

throne became vacant in 1290 owing to the death of See also:

• MARGARET
• MARGARET (1283–1290)
• MARGARET (1353-1412)
• MARGARET (1489–1541)
• MARGARET, ST (c. 1045–1093)
• MARGARET, ST (SANCTA MARGARITA)

Margaret, the " maid of See also:

• NORWAY
• NORWAY (Norge)

Norway," a granddaughter of King See also:

• ALEXANDER
• ALEXANDER (1461-1506)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OF BATTENBERG) (1857-1893)
• ALEXANDER (ALEXANDER OsxENOVici) (1876-1903)
• ALEXANDER, ARCHIBALD (1772—1851)
• ALEXANDER, FRANCIS (1800—1881)
• ALEXANDER, GEORGE (1858— )
• ALEXANDER, JOHN WHITE (1856- )
• ALEXANDER, JOSEPH ADDISON (18o9—186o)
• ALEXANDER, SIR JAMES EDWARD (1803—1885)
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM (1824— )
• ALEXANDER, WILLIAM LINDSAY (1808—1884)

Alexander III., and was one of the three candidates for the See also:

• CROWN

crown whose pretensions were seriously considered . Claiming through his maternal grandmother, Margaret, the eldest daughter of See also:

• DAVID
• DAVID (a Hebrew name meaning probably beloved 1)
• DAVID, FELICIEN (1810—1876)
• DAVID, GERARD [GHEERAERT DAVIT], (?=1523)
• DAVID, PIERRE JEAN (1789–1856)
• DAVID, ST (Dewi, Sant)

David, earl of See also:

• HUNTINGDON
• HUNTINGDON, EARLS OF
• HUNTINGDON, SELINA HASTINGS, COUNTESS OF (1707—1791)

Huntingdon (d . 1219), who was a See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of King David I., Baliol's See also:

• PRINCIPAL

principal See also:

• RIVAL

rival was See also:

• ROBERT
• ROBERT (1275—1343)
• ROBERT, HUBERT (1753-1808)
• ROBERT, LOUIS LEOPOLD (1794-1835)

Robert See also:

• BRUCE
• BRUCE, ALEXANDER BALMAIN (1831-1899)
• BRUCE, JAMES (1930-1794)
• BRUCE, MICHAEL (1746-1767)

Bruce, earl of Annandale, and the dispute was the somewhat See also:

• FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar one of the eldest by descent against the nearest of See also:

• KIN (0. E. cyn, a word represented in nearly all Teutonic languages, cf. Du. kunne, Dan. and Swed. kon, Goth kuni, tribe; the Teutonic base is kunya; the equivalent Aryan root gan- to beget, produce, is seen in Gr. 'yEvos, Lat. genus, cf. "kind")

kin . Meanwhile the See also:

• ENGLISH

English king, See also:

• EDWARD

Edward I., was closely watching the trend of affairs in Scotland and was invited to See also:

• SETTLE
• SETTLE, ELKANAH (1648–1724)

settle this dispute . It is doubtful what rights, if any, the English See also:

• KINGS, FIRST AND SECOND BOOKS OF

kings had over Scotland, but when Edward met the Scottish nobles at Norham in May 1291, he demanded a formal recognition of his position as overlord of Scotland . After some delay this was tacitly admitted by the nobles, and acknowledged by Baliol and the other competitors, who all agreed to abide by his decision . A See also:

• COURT
• COURT (from the O. Fr. court, Late Lat. cortis, curtis, a popular form of class. Lat. cohors, gen. cohortis; the mod. Fr. form tour is due to the influence of the Lat. curia, the word used in medieval documents to translate " court " in the feudal sense)
• COURT, ANTOINE (1696-176o)

court of eighty Scotsmen and twenty-four Englishmen was then appointed to try the question . Traversing the statements made in favour of Bruce, Baliol claimed by the principles of feudal See also:

• LAW
• LAW (0. Eng. lagu, M. Eng. lawe; from an old Teutonic root lag, " lie," what lies fixed or evenly; cf. Lat. lex, Fr. loi)
• LAW, JOHN (1671—1729)
• LAW, WILLIAM (1686-1761)

law for an indivisible See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, and on the See also:

• ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice of the court Edward decided in his favour . Having sworn fealty to the English king, Baliol was crowned king of Scotland at See also:

• SCONE
• SCONE (pron. Skoon; Gaelic, skene, "a cutting")

Scone on the 3oth of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1292; in his new capacity he did See also:

• HOMAGE (from homo, through the Low Lat. hominaticum, which occurs in a document of 1035)

homage to Edward at See also:

• NEWCASTLE
• NEWCASTLE, DUKES OF

Newcastle, and in See also:

• JANUARY

January 1293 released the English king from all promises and obligations made while the See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom of Scotland was in his hands .

These amicable relations were soon disturbed . A Scottish See also:

• VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

vassal carried his See also:

• CASE
• CASE, JOHN (d. 1600)

case to Edward as Baliol's overlord, and Baliol himself was soon summoned to the English court to See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer a suit brought against him . After a See also:

• SHORT, FRANCIS JOB (1857– )

short struggle he admitted Edward's right, and in May 1294 attended a See also:

• PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in See also:

• LONDON

London . He soon quarrelled with his overlord, the exact point at issue being doubtful, and returned T1 to Scotland . Consequent on the dispute which had broken out between England and France, a See also:

• COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council of twelve was appointed to assist him, and it was decided to defy Edward . Englishmen were dismissed from the Scottish court, their fiefs were confiscated, and an See also:

• ALLIANCE

alliance was concluded with See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip IV., king of France . See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War See also:

• BROKE, or BROOKE, ARTHUR (d. 1563)
• BROKE, SIR PHILIP BOWES VERE, BART

broke out, but Baliol did not take the See also:

• FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
• FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
• FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
• FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
• FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
• FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
• FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
• FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
• FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
• FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
• FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)

field in See also:

• PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person . Invading Scotland, Edward met with a feeble resistance, and at See also:

• BRECHIN

Brechin in See also:

• JULY

July 1296 Baliol surrendered his kingdom to Antony See also:

• BEK, ANTONY (d. 1311)

Bek, See also:

• BISHOP (A.S. bisceop, from Lat. episcopus, Gr. irio-Korros, " overlooker " or " overseer ")
• BISHOP, ISABELLA (1832-1904)
• BISHOP, SIR HENRY ROWLEY (1786-1855)

bishop of Durham, as the representative of the English king . About the same See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he appeared before Edward at See also:

• MONTROSE
• MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUESS OF (1612—1650)
• MONTROSE, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF

Montrose, and delivered to him a See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white See also:

• ROD (O.E. rodd, probably related to Norw. rudda, stick, rodda, stake)
• ROD, EDOUARD (1857-1910)

rod, the feudal token of resignation . With his son, Edward, he was taken a prisoner to England, remaining in captivity until July 1299, when he was released at the See also:

• REQUEST, LETTERS OF

request of See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

Pope See also:

• BONIFACE (Bonifacius)
• BONIFACE, SAINT (680-754)

Boniface VIII . He lived for some time under the pope's supervision, and seems to have passed his remaining days quietly on his See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French estates . He died in See also:

• NORMANDY

Normandy early in 1315, leaving several See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children by his wife, See also:

• ISABEL

Isabel, a daughter of John de See also:

• WARENNE, EARLS

Warenne, earl of See also:

• SURREY
• SURREY, EARLDOM OF
• SURREY, HENRY HOWARD, EARL OF (1518?-1547)

Surrey (d .

1304) . See Documents andRecords illustrating the See also:

• HISTORY

History of Scotland,edited by F . T . See also:

• PALGRAVE, FRANCIS TURNER (1824-1897)
• PALGRAVE, SIR FRANCIS (1788-1861)

Palgrave (London, 1837); Documents illustrative of the History of Scotland, 1286-1306, edited by J . See also:

• STEVENSON, ADLA1 EWING (1835- )
• STEVENSON, ROBERT (1772-1850)
• STEVENSON, ROBERT LEWIS BALFOUR (1850-1894)

Stevenson (See also:

• EDINBURGH

Edinburgh, 1870) ; J . H . See also:

• BURTON, JOHN HILL (1809–1881)
• BURTON, ROBERT (1577-1640)
• BURTON, SIR FREDERICK WILLIAM (1816–f goo)
• BURTON, SIR RICHARD FRANCIS (1821-1890)
• BURTON, WILLIAM EVANS (1804-1860)

Burton, History of Scotland, vol. ii . (Edinburgh, 1905) ; A . See also:

• LANG, ANDREW (1844— )
• LANG, KARL HEINRICH, RITTER VON (1764-1835)

Lang, History of Scotland, vol. i . (Edinburgh, 1904) ; See also:

• SIR

Sir H . See also:

• MAXWELL
• MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK (1831–1879)

Maxwell, Robert the Bruce (London, 1897) ; See also:

• CALENDAR

Calendar of Documents See also:

• RELATING

relating to Scotland, edited by J . See also:

• BAIN, ALEXANDER (1818-1903)
• BAIN, ANDREW GEDDES (1797-1864)

Bain (Edinburgh, 1881-1888) .

Also SCOTLAND: History .