See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

BALL (in See also:

• MID

Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " See also:

• BALE
• BALE, JOHN (1495-1563)

bale," See also:

• TEUTONIC
• TEUTONIC (GERMANIC) LANGUAGES

Teutonic in origin, cf. also See also:

• LAT

Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)  , any rounded See also:

• BODY

body, particularly one with a smooth See also:

• SURFACE

surface, whether used for See also:

• GAMES, CLASSICAL

games, as a missile, or applied to such rounded bodies as the protuberance at the See also:

• ROOT (late O.E. rot, adopted from Scand., cf. Norw. and Swed. rot, Dan. rod; the true O.E. word was wyrt, plant, represented in Ger. Wurz or Wurzel; the ultimate root is the same in both words, and is seen in Lat. radix)
• ROOT, ELIHU (1845– )

root of the thumb or the big toe, to an enarthrosis, or " See also:

• BALL (in Mid. Eng. bal; the word is probably cognate with " bale," Teutonic in origin, cf. also Lat. falls, and Gr. 7raXXa)
• BALL, JOHN (1585-1640)
• BALL, JOHN (1818-1889)
• BALL, JOHN (d. 1381)
• BALL, SIR ALEXANDER JOHN, BART
• BALL, THOMAS (1819- )

ball socket " See also:

• JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint, such as that of the See also:

• HIP

hip or See also:

• SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder, and the like . A ball, as the essential feature in nearly every See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form of See also:

• GAME

game requiring See also:

• PHYSICAL

physical exertion, must date from the very earliest times . A See also:

• ROLLING

rolling See also:

• OBJECT

object appeals not only to a human baby but to a kitten and a puppy . Some form of game with a ball is found portrayed on See also:

• EGYPTIAN

Egyptian monuments, and is played among the least advanced of See also:

• SAVAGE
• SAVAGE, MINOT JUDSON (1841– )
• SAVAGE, RICHARD (d. 1743)

savage tribes at the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day . In See also:

• HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, See also:

• NAUSICAA

Nausicaa was playing at ball with her maidens when See also:

• ODYSSEUS (in Latin Ulixes, incorrectly written Ulysses)

Odysseus first saw her in the See also:

• LAND

land of the Phaeacians (Od. vi. too) . And Halios and Laodamas performed before See also:

• ALCINOUS
• ALCINOUS (ALKINoos)

Alcinous and Odysseus with ball See also:

• PLAY

play, accompanied with dancing (Od. viii . 370) . The See also:

• HEBREWS, EPISTLE TO THE

Hebrews, the least athletic of races, have no mention of the ball in their scriptures . Among the Greeks games with balls (or4aipa1) were regarded as a useful subsidiary to the more violent athletic exercises, as a means of keeping the body supple, and rendering it graceful, but were generally See also:

• LEFT

left to boys and girls . Similarly at See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome they were looked upon as an See also:

• ADJUNCT (from Lat. ad, to, and jungere, to join)

adjunct to the See also:

• BATH
• BATH, THOMAS THYNNE
• BATH, WILLIAM

bath, and were graduated to the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age and See also:

• HEALTH

health of the bathers, and usually a See also:

• PLACE (through Fr. from Lat. platea, street; Gr. IrAar6s, wide)

place (See also:

• SPHAERISTERIUM (Gr. ackaipear 1pun)

sphaeristerium) was set apart for them in the See also:

• BATHS

baths (thermae) . Of See also:

• REGULAR

regular rules for the playing of ball games, little trace remains, if there were any such . The names in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek for various forms, which have come down to us in such See also:

• WORKS

works as the 'O1so,uavroc6v of See also:

• POLLUX, JULIUS
• POLLUX, or POLLUCITE

Pollux of See also:

• NAUCRATIS

Naucratis, imply little or nothing of such; thus, ?ur6ppales only means the putting of the ball on the ground with the open See also:

• HAND
• HAND (a word common to Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Hand, Goth. handus)
• HAND, FERDINAND GOTTHELF (1786-185r)

hand, obpavta the flinging of the ball in the See also:

• AIR (from an Indo-European root meaning " breathe," " blow ")
• AIR, or ASBEN

air to be caught by two or more players; cbatviv&a would seem to be a game of catch played by two or more, where feinting is.used as a test of quickness and skill .

Pollux (i. x . 104) mentions a game called E1rlaKupos, which has often been looked on as the origin of See also:

• FOOTBALL

football . It seems to have been played by two sides, arranged in lines; how far there was any form of " See also:

• GOAL

goal " seems uncertain . Among the See also:

• ROMANS
• ROMANS, EPISTLE TO THE

Romans there appear to have been three types or sizes of ball, the pila, or small ball, used in catching games, the paganica, a heavy ball stuffed with feathers, and the follis, a See also:

• LEATHER (a word which appears in all Teutonic languages; cf. Ger. Leder, Dutch leer or leder, Swed. leder, and in such Celtic forms as Welsh llader)
• LEATHER, ARTIFICIAL

leather ball filled with air, the largest of the three . This was struck from player to player, who wore a See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind of See also:

• GAUNTLET (a diminutive of the Fr. gant, glove)

gauntlet on the See also:

• ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm . There was a game known as trigon, played by three players See also:

• STANDING

standing in the form of a triangle, and played with the follis, and also one known as harpastum, which seems to imply a " scrimmage " among several players for the ball) . These games are known to us through the Romans, though the names are Greek . The various See also:

• MODERN

modern games played with a ball or balls and subject to rules are treated under their various names, such as See also:

• POLO (Tibetan pulu, ball)
• POLO, GASPAR GIL (?153o-1591)
• POLO, MARCO (c. 1254-1324)

polo, See also:

• CRICKET
• CRICKET (Gryllidae)

cricket, football, &c . From Fr. bal, bailer, to See also:

• DANCE
• DANCE (Fr. danse; of obscure origin, connected with Old High Ger. danson, to stretch)

dance (See also:

• LATE

late See also:

• LAT

Lat. ballare, and hence connected with " ballad," " See also:

• BALLET

ballet ") comes " ball," meaning a dance, and especially a social gathering of See also:

• PEOPLE

people for the purpose of dancing .