See also:

• BALSAM (from Gr. f &X raµov, through Lat. balsamum, contracted by popular use to O. Fr. basme, mod. Fr. bdme; Eng. balm)

BALSAM (from Gr. f &X raµov, through See also:

• LAT

Lat. balsamum, contracted by popular use to O. Fr. basme, mod. Fr. bdme; Eng. See also:

• BALM

balm)  , a See also:

• TERM

term properly limited to such resins or oleo-resins as contain benzoic See also:

• ACID (from the Lat. root ac-, sharp; acere, to be sour)

acid or cinnamic acid or both . Those balsams which conform to this See also:

• DEFINITION (Lat. definitio, from de-finire, to set limits to, describe)

definition make up a distinct class, allied to each other by their See also:

• COMPOSITION
• COMPOSITION (Lat. compositio, from componere, to put together)

composition, properties and uses . Those found in See also:

• COMMERCE
• COMMERCE (Lat. commercium, from, cum, together, and rnerx, merchandise)

commerce are the See also:

• BALSAM (from Gr. f &X raµov, through Lat. balsamum, contracted by popular use to O. Fr. basme, mod. Fr. bdme; Eng. balm)

balsam of See also:

• PERU
• PERU (apparently from Biru, a small river on the west coast of Colombia, where Pizarro landed)

Peru, balsam of Tolu, liquid storax and See also:

• LIQUIDAMBAR, LIQUID AMBER

liquidambar . Balsam of Peru is the produce of a lofty leguminous See also:

• TREE (0. Eng. treo, treow, cf. Dan. tree, Swed. Odd, tree, trd, timber; allied forms are found in Russ. drevo, Gr. opus, oak, and 36pv, spear, Welsh derw, Irish darog, oak, and Skr. dare, wood)
• TREE, SIR HERBERT BEERBOHM (1853- )

tree, Myroxylon Pereirae, growing within a limited See also:

• AREA

area in See also:

• SAN

San See also:

• SALVADOR, or SAN SALVADOR (Republica del Salvador)

Salvador, Central See also:

• AMERICA

America and introduced into See also:

• CEYLON

Ceylon . It is a thick, viscid oleo-See also:

• RESIN (through O.Fr. resine, modern reline, from Lat. resina, prcbably Latinized from Greek Pirivrt, resin)

resin of a deep See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown or See also:

• BLACK
• BLACK, ADAM (1784-1874)
• BLACK, JEREMIAH SULLIVAN (1810–1883)
• BLACK, WILLIAM (1841-1898)

black See also:

• COLOUR (Lat. color, connected with celare, to hide, the root meaning, therefore, being that of a covering)

colour and a fragrant balsamic odour . It is used in See also:

• PERFUMERY (Lat. per, through, and fumare, to smoke)

perfumery . Though contained in the pharmacopeias it has no See also:

• SPECIAL

special medicinal virtues . Balsam of Tolu is produced from Myroxylon toluiferum . It is of a brown colour, thicker than Peru balsam, and attains a considerable degree of solidity on keeping . It also is a product of See also:

• EQUATORIAL

equatorial America, but is found over a much wider area than is the balsam of Peru . It is used in perfumery and as a constituent in cough syrups and lozenges . Liquid storax or styrax preparatus, is a balsam yielded by Liquidambar orientalis, a native of See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor .

It is a soft resinous substance, with a pleasing balsamic odour,, especially after it has been kept for some See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time . It is used in See also:

• MEDICINE

medicine as an See also:

• EXTERNAL

external application in some parasitic skin diseases, and internally as an expectorant . An analogous substance is derived from Liquidambar Altingia in See also:

• JAVA

Java . Liquidambar balsam is derived from Liquidambar styraciflua, a tree found in the See also:

• UNITED

United States and See also:

• MEXICO
• MEXICO (Span. Mejico, or Mexico,)
• MEXICO, FEDERAL DISTRICT OF
• MEXICO, GULF OF

Mexico . It contains cinnamic acid, but not benzoic acid . Of so-called balsams, entirely destitute of cinnamic and benzoic constituents, the following are found in commerce: See also:

• MECCA (Arab. Makkah)

Mecca balsam or See also:

• BALM

Balm of See also:

• GILEAD (i.e. " hard " or " rugged," a name sometimes used, both in earlier and in later writers, to denote the whole of the territory occupied by the Israelites eastward of Jordan, extending from the Arnon to the southern base of Hermon (Dent. xxxiv. 1; J

Gilead, from Commiphora opobalsamum, a tree growing in See also:

• ARABIA

Arabia and See also:

• ABYSSINIA (officially ETHIOPIA)

Abyssinia, is supposed to be the balm of Scripture and the OaXo-aµov of See also:

• THEOPHRASTUS

Theophrastus . When fresh it is a viscid fluid, with a penetrating odour, but it solidifies with See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age . It was See also:

• REGAL

regal-See also:

• DEAL

deal with the utmost esteem among the nations of antiquity and to the See also:

• PRESENT

present See also:

• DAY (O. Eng. dreg, Ger. Tag; according to the New English Dictionary, " in no way related to the Lat. dies")
• DAY, JOHN (1574-1640?)
• DAY, THOMAS (1748-1789)

day it is peculiarly prized among the See also:

• PEOPLE

people of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . For balsam of See also:

• COPAIBA, or COPAIVA (from Brazilian cupauba)

copaiba see COPAIBA . Under the name of See also:

• WOOD, ANTHONY A2 (1632-1695)
• WOOD, JOHN GEORGE (1827—1889)
• WOOD, MRS HENRY [ELLEN] (1814—1887)
• WOOD, SEARLES VALENTINE (1798—188o)

wood oil, or Gurjun balsam, an oleo-resin is procured in See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India and the Eastern See also:

• ARCHIPELAGO

Archipelago from several See also:

• SPECIES

species of Dipterocarpus, chiefly D. turbinatus, which has the odour and properties of copaiba and has been used for the same purposes . Wood oil is also used as a See also:

• VARNISH

varnish in India and forms an effective See also:

• PROTECTION

protection against the attacks of See also:

• WHITE
• WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
• WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
• WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
• WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
• WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
• WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
• WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
• WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
• WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
• WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
• WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
• WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)

white ants . See also:

• CANADA

Canada balsam or Canada See also:

• TURPENTINE (in M. Eng. turbentine, adapted through the O. Fr. turbentine or terebentine from Lat. terebinthina, sc. resina, resin of the terebinth, Gr. eepiOtvOos or eippavOos)

turpentine is the oleo-resin yielded by Abies balsamea, a tree that grows in Canada and the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern parts of the United States .

It is a very transparent substance, some-what fluid when first run, but thickening considerably with age, possessed of a delicate yellow colour and a mild terebinthous odour . It contains 24 % of essential oil, 6o % of resin soluble in See also:

• ALCOHOL

alcohol, and 16 % of resin soluble only in See also:

• ETHER, (C2H5)2O

ether . Its See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief uses are for mounting preparations for the See also:

• MICROSCOPE (Gr. µucp6s, small, asenreiv, to %view)

microscope and as a See also:

• CEMENT (from Lat. caementum, rough pieces of stone, a shortened form of caedimentum, from caedere, to cut)

cement for See also:

• GLASS
• GLASS (O.E. glees, cf. Ger. Glas, perhaps derived from an old Teutonic root gla-, a variant of glo-, having the general sense of shining, cf. " glare," " glow ")
• GLASS, STAINED

glass in See also:

• OPTICAL

optical See also:

• WORK

work . The See also:

• GARDEN (from O. Fr. garden, mod. Fr. jardin; this, like our words " garth," a paddock attached to a building, and " yard," comes from a Teutonic word for an enclosure which appears in Gothic as gards and O. H. Ger. gart, cf. Dutch gaarde and Ger. .garten)

garden balsam is an See also:

• ANNUAL

annual plant, See also:

• IMPATIENS

Impatiens balsamina, and the balsam See also:

• APPLE (a common Teut. word, A.S. aepl, aeppel, O.H.G. aphul, aphal, apfal, mod. Ger. Apfel)

apple is the See also:

• FRUIT (through the French from the Lat. fructus; frui, to enjoy)

fruit of See also:

• MOMORDICA

Momordica balsamina, nat. See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order See also:

• CUCURBITACEAE

Cucurbitaceae .