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BANBURY , a market-See also: town and municipal See also: borough in the Banbury See also: parliamentary division of See also: Oxfordshire, See also: England, on the See also: river Cherwell and the See also: Oxford canal, 86 m
.
N.W. of See also: London by the See also: northern See also: line of the See also: Great Western railway
.
Pop
.
(1901 12,968
.
The canal communicates northward with the See also: Grand Junction and See also: Warwick canals, and there are branch lines of the Great Central railway to the See also: main line at See also: Woodford, and of the
London &
.
See also: North-Western railway to Bletchley: The town is the centre of a See also: rich agricultural See also: district, and there is a large manufacture of agricultural implements; while other See also: industries include rope and See also: leather See also: works and See also: brewing
.
Banbury cakes, consisting of a See also: case of pastry containing a mixture of currants, have a reputation of three centuries' See also: standing
.
A magnificent See also: Gothic parish See also: church was destroyed by fire and
See also: gunpowder in 1790 to make way for a See also: building of little merit in See also: Italian See also: style
.
The See also: ancient Banbury See also: Cross, celebrated in a See also: familiar nursery See also: rhyme, was destroyed by Puritans in 161o
.
During the 17th century the inhabitants of Banbury seem to have been zealous Puritans, and are frequently satirized by contemporary dramatists
.
At a somewhat earlier See also: period the grammar school, now See also: extinct, was of such repute as to be chosen as the See also: model for the constitution of the school of St See also: Paul's
.
A school of science was erected in ,861, and there is a municipal secondary and technical school
.
Some See also: fine old timbered houses remain in the streets
.
Of the See also: castle built in 1125 there are only the barest traces
.
Wroxton Abbey, 2 M
.
N.W., shows slight remains of the originalAugustinian priory; but the See also: present beautiful gabled building, picturesquely situated, See also: dates mainly from ,618
.
Broughton Castle, 21m
.
S.W., is the most noteworthy See also: house in the county
.
The oblong See also: block of buildings, fronted by lawns, is surrounded by a See also: moat and protected by a See also: gate-house, See also: part of which dates from 1301, at which date the See also: chapel and a part of the house were also built
.
There is also See also: work of the 15th century and the Elizabethan period
.
The house is the seat of See also: Lord Saye and Sele, having been in the See also: Fiennes See also: family since the reign of See also: Henry VII
.
(1485—1509)
.
Here
See also: Pym and See also: Hampden and other leaders of the Parliamentarians were wont to meet in 164o
.
Without the gate is a fine Decorated church
.
Banbury is governed by a mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors .See also: Area, 4633 acres
.
In the See also: year 556 Banbury (Beranbyrig, Banesberie) was the scene of a See also: battle between Cynric and See also: Ceawlin and Britons
.
It was assessed at 5o hides in the Domesday survey and was then held by the See also: bishop of Lincoln
.
Allusions to the market occur as early as 1138, and Henry II. by charter confirmed a market on See also: Thursday and granted a See also: fair at Whitsun
.
The first charter of incorporation was granted by See also: Queen Mary in 1553, and instituted a See also: common council consisting of a See also: bailiff, 12 aldermen and 12 chief burgesses;'a See also: court of record, one See also: justice of the See also: peace, a Thursday market and two See also: annual fairs
.
See also: James I. confirmed this charter in ,6o8. with some additions, including a weekly wool-market, a
See also: horse-market and two additional annual fairs
.
Both these charters were surrendered in 1683 in favour of a new charter, but were resumed in 1688
.
In 1718 See also: George I. granted a new charter, which held until the Municipal Corporations See also: Act of 1835
.
From the date of Queen Mary's charter until the Re-distribution of Seats Act of 1885 the borough was represented by one member in parliament
.
See See also: Alfred Beesley, See also: History of Banbury (London, 1841)
.
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