BARMEN  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, in the Prussian See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province and the governmental See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• DUSSELDORF

Dusseldorf . Pop . (1816) 19,030; (1890) 116,144; (1905) 156,148 . It is served by the See also:

• MAIN (from the Aryan root which appears in " may " and " might," and Lat. magnus, great)
• MAIN (Lat. Moenus)

main railway from See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin to See also:

• AIX

Aix-la-Chapelle, and lies immediately See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east of See also:

• ELBERFELD

Elberfeld, with which it virtually forms one town . It stretches for some 4 M. along the narrow valley of the See also:

• RIVER

river See also:

• WUPPER

Wupper, which, within the municipal boundaries, is crossed by twenty See also:

• BRIDGES
• BRIDGES, ROBERT (1844– )

bridges . High wooded hills surround it . It is divided into three main districts, Upper, See also:

• MIDDLE

Middle and See also:

• LOWER

Lower Barmen, and is connected, throughout its length, with Elberfeld, by railway, See also:

• TRAMWAY

tramway, and a suspended trolley See also:

• LINE

line, See also:

• HANGING

hanging over the See also:

• BED
• BED (a common Teutonic word, cf. German Bett, probably connected with the Indo-European root bhodh, seen in the Lat. fodere, to dig; so " a dug-out place " for safe resting, or in the same sense as a garden " bed ")

bed of the Wupper . It contains nine Evangelical and two See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• CATHOLIC (Gr. KcaBoXuK6s, general, universal)

Catholic churches, a stately See also:

• MODERN

modern town See also:

• HALL
• HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
• HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
• HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
• HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
• HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
• HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
• HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
• HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
• HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
• HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
• HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
• HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
• HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
• HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
• HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
• HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
• HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)

hall, a Hall of Fame (Ruhmes-See also:

• HALLE (known as HALLE-AN-DER-SAALE, t0 distinguish it from the small town of Halle in Westphalia)
• HALLE, SIR CHARLES (originally KARL HALLE) (1819-1895)

halle), with statues of the emperors See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William I. and See also:

• FREDERICK
• FREDERICK (Mod. Ger. Friedrich; Ital. Federigo; Fr. Frederic and Federic; M.H.G. Friderich; O.H.G. Fridurih, " king or lord of peace," from O.H.G. fridu, A.S. frith, " peace," and rfh " rich," " a ruler," for derivation of which see HENRY)

Frederick III., a See also:

• THEATRE (BEarpov, " a place for seeing," from OeacOae)

theatre, a picture-See also:

• GALLERY (through Ital. galleria, from Med. Lat. galeria, of which the origin is unknown)

gallery, an ethnographical museum, and ar See also:

• EXCHANGE

exchange . There are many public monuments, one to See also:

• BISMARCK
• BISMARCK, OTTO EDUARD LEOPOLD VON, PRINCE

Bismarck another to the poet Emil Rittershaus (1834-1897), a native of the town, and one commemorative of the Franco-See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German See also:

• WAR
• WAR (O. Eng. werre, Fr. guerre, of Teutonic origin; cf. O.H.G. werran, to confound)

War of 1870-71 . There are several high-grade public See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools, See also:

• ACADEMIES

academies of technical See also:

• SCIENCE (Lat. scientia, from scire; to learn, know)

science, See also:

• ENGINEERING

engineering and textile See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry, and a missionary theological See also:

• SEMINARY (Lat. seminarium, from semen, seed)

seminary . Barmen is one of the most important manufacturing centres of Germany . The rapid development of its commercial activity only See also:

• DATES

dates from the beginning of the 19th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century .

It is the See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief seat of ribbon See also:

• WEAVING

weaving in Germany, and manufactures See also:

• THREAD (0. Eng. praed, literally, that which is twisted, prawan, to twist, to throw, cf. " throwster," a silk-winder, Ger. drehen, to twist, turn, Du. draad, Ger. Draht, thread, wire)

thread, See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

lace, braids, See also:

• COTTON
• COTTON (Fr. coton; from Arab. qutun)
• COTTON, CHARLES (163o–1687)
• COTTON, GEORGE EDWARD LYNCH (1813–1866)
• COTTON, JOHN (1585–1652)
• COTTON, SIR ROBERT BRUCE

cotton and See also:

• CLOTH

cloth goods, carpets, silks, machinery, See also:

• STEEL, FLORA ANNIE (1847– )

steel wares, plated goods and buttons, the last industry employing about 15,000 hands . There are numerous See also:

• BLEACHING

bleaching-See also:

• FIELDS, JAMES THOMAS (1817-1881)

fields, See also:

• PRINT

print-fields and dyeworks famous for their See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey-red, See also:

• SOAP

soap See also:

• WORKS

works, chemical works and See also:

• POTTERIES, THE

potteries . There are also extensive breweries . Its export See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade, particularly to the See also:

• UNITED

United States, is very consider-able . The hills lying S. of the town are laid out in public grounds . Here are a See also:

• HEALTH

health resort, a See also:

• TOWER (Lat. turris; Fr. tour, clocker; Ital. torre; Ger. Thurm)

tower commanding an extensive view, and numerous villas . Barmen, although mentioned in See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

chronicles in the 11th century, did not attain civic rights until 18o8, when it was formed into a See also:

• MUNICIPALITY

municipality by the See also:

• GRAND

grand-See also:

• DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

• BERG (Ducatus Montensis)

Berg . See A . See also:

• SHADWELL, THOMAS (c. 1642-1692)

Shadwell, See also:

• INDUSTRIAL

Industrial Efficiency (1906), for a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good description of the industrial aspect .