See also:

• CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS (102—44 B.c.)
• CAESAR, SIR JULIUS (1557-1558-1636)

CAESAR See also:

• CAESAR BARONIUS (1538-1607)

BARONIUS (1538-1607)  , See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian See also:

• CARDINAL (Lat. cardinalis)

cardinal and ecclesiastical historian, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• SORA

Sora, and was educated at See also:

• VEROLI (anc. Verulae)

Veroli and See also:

• NAPLES
• NAPLES (Ital. Napoli, and Lat. Neapolis)
• NAPLES, KINGDOM OF

Naples . At See also:

• ROME
• ROME (Roma)

Rome he joined the See also:

• ORATORY (Lat. oratorio, sc. ors; from orare, to speak or pray)

Oratory in 1557 under St See also:

• PHILIP
• PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
• PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
• PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
• PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)

Philip See also:

• NERI, PHILIP (FILIppo DE) (1515-1595)

Neri (q.v.) and succeeded him as See also:

• SUPERIOR

superior in 1593• See also:

• CLEMENT (Lat. Clemens, i.e. merciful; Gr. K)4gs)
• CLEMENT, FRANCOIS (1714-1793)
• CLEMENT, JACQUES (1567-1589)

Clement VIII., whose See also:

• CONFESSOR

confessor he was, made him cardinal in 1596 and librarian of the Vatican . At subsequent conclaves he was twice nearly elected See also:

• POPE (Gr. irarraas, post-classical Lat. papa, father)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1688–1744)
• POPE, ALEXANDER (1763-1835)
• POPE, JANE (1742-1818)
• POPE, JOHN (1822-1892)
• POPE, SIR THOMAS (c. 1507-1559)

pope, but on each occasion was opposed by See also:

• SPAIN
• SPAIN (Espana)

Spain on See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his See also:

• WORK

work On the See also:

• MONARCHY (Fr. monarchic, from Lat. monarchia, Gr. uovapXia, rule of one, µbvos, alone, apXi7, rule)

Monarchy of See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily, in which he supported the papal claims against those of the See also:

• SPANISH

Spanish See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government . See also:

• BARONIUS, CAESAR (1538-1607)

Baronius is best known by his Annales Ecclesiastici, undertaken by the See also:

• ORDER
• ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
• ORDER, HOLY

order of St Philip as an See also:

• ANSWER (derived from and, against, and the same root as swear)

answer to the See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg Centuries . After nearly See also:

• THIRTY

thirty years of lecturing on the See also:

• HISTORY

history of the See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

Church at the Vallicella and being trained by St Philip as a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man for a great work, he began to write, and produced twelve folios (1588-1607) . In the Annales he treats history in strict See also:

• CHRONOLOGICAL

chronological order and keeps See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology in the background . In spite of many errors, especially in See also:

• GREEK
• GREEK, ETRUSCAN AND

Greek history, in which he had to depend upon secondhand See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information, the work of Baronius stands as an honest See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to write history, marked with a sincere love of truth . See also:

• SARPI, PAOLO (1552-1623)

Sarpi, in urging See also:

• CASAUBON, FLORENCE ESTIENNE
• CASAUBON, ISAAC (1559-1614)

Casaubon to write against Baronius, warns him never to See also:

• CHARGE
• CHARGE (through the Fr. from the Late Lat. carricare, to load in a carrus or wagon; cf. " cargo ")

charge or suspect him of See also:

• BAD, BCD

bad faith, for no one who knew him could accuse him of disloyalty to truth . Baronius makes use of the words of St See also:

• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (354-430)
• AUGUSTINE, SAINT (d. c.613)

Augustine: " I shall love with a See also:

• SPECIAL

special love the man who most rigidly and severely corrects my errors." He also undertook a new edition to the See also:

• ROMAN

Roman See also:

• MARTYROLOGY

martyrology (1586), which he purified of many inaccuracies . His Annales, which end in 1198, were continued by Rinaldi (9 vols., 1676–1677) ; by Laderchi (3 vols., 1728–1737) ; and by Theiner (3 vols., 1856) . The most useful edition is that of Mans' (38 vols., See also:

• LUCCA (anc. Luca)
• LUCCA, BAGNI DI (Baths of Lucca, formerly Bagno a Corsena)

lucca, 1738–1759), giving Pagi's corrections at the See also:

• FOOT

foot of each See also:

• PAGE
• PAGE, THOMAS NELSON (1853- )
• PAGE, WILLIAM (1811-1885)

page . (E .