ANTONIO GIULIO

See also:

• ANTONIO GIULIO BARRILI (1836- )

BARRILI (1836- )  , Italian novelist, was born at Savona, and was educated for the legal profession, which he abandoned for journalism in Genoa . He was a volunteer in the campaign of 1859 and served with Garibaldi in 1866 and 1867 . From 1865 (Capitan Dodero) onwards he published a large number of books of fiction, which had wide popularity, his work being commonly compared with that of Victor Cherbuliez . Some of the best of the later ones are Santa Cecilia (1866), Come un Sogno (1875), and L'Olmo e l' Edera (1897) . His Raggio di Dio appeared in 1899 . Barrili also wrote two plays and various volumes of criticism, including Il rinnovamento letterario italiano (189o) . He was elected to the Italian chamber of deputies in 1876; and in 1889 became professor of Italian literature at Genoa . BARRING-OUT, a custom, formerly common in English schools, of barring the master out of the school premises . A typical example of this practice was at Bromfield school, Cumberland, where William Hutchinson says " it was the custom, time out of mind, for the scholars, at Fasting's Even (the beginning of Lent) to depose and exclude the master from the school for three days." During this period the school doors were barricaded and the boys armed with mock weapons . If the master's attempts to re-enter were successful, extra tasks were inflicted as a penalty, and willingly performed by the boys . On the third day terms of capitulation, usually in Latin verse, were signed, and these always conceded the immediate right to indulge in football and a cockfight . The custom was long retained at Eton and figures in many school stories .