JOAO DE See also:

• JOAO DE BARROS (1496-1570)

BARROS (1496-1570)  , called the Portuguese See also:

• LIVY [Thus L1v1us] (59 B.C.—A.D: 17)

Livy, may be said to have been the first See also:

• GREAT

great historian of his See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country . Educated in the See also:

• PALACE (Lat. Palatium, the name given by Augustus to his residence on the Palatine Hill)

palace of See also:

• KING
• KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
• KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
• KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
• KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
• KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
• KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
• KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
• KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
• KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
• KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
• KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)

King Manoel, he See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early conceived the See also:

• IDEA (Gr. Ibia, connected with i&eiv, to see; cf. Lat. species from specere, to look at)

idea of See also:

• WRITING
• WRITING (the verbal noun of " to write," O. Eng. writan, to inscribe)

writing See also:

• HISTORY

history, and, to prove his See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers, composed, at the See also:

• AGE (Fr. age, through late Lat. aetaticum, from aetas)

age of twenty, a See also:

• ROMANCE

romance of See also:

• CHIVALRY (O. Fr. chevalerie, from Late Lat. caballerius)

chivalry, the See also:

• CHRONICLE (from Gr. Xpovos, time)

Chronicle of the See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

Emperor Clarimundo, in which he is said to have had the assistance of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John, afterwards King John III . The latter, on ascending the See also:

• THRONE

throne, gave See also:

• BARROS, JOAO DE (1496-1570)

Barros the captaincy of the fortress of St See also:

• GEORGE
• GEORGE, 8TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (1787-1876)
• GEORGE, HENRY (1839—1897)
• GEORGE, LAKE
• GEORGE, SAINT (d. 303)

George of See also:

• ELMINA

Elmina, whither he proceeded in 1522, and he obtained in 1525 the See also:

• POST

post of treasurer of the See also:

• INDIA
• INDIA, FRENCH

India See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

House, which he held until 1528 . The pest of 1530 drove him from See also:

• LISBON (Lisboa)

Lisbon to his country house near See also:

• POMBAL, SEBASTIAO JOSE DE CARVALHO E MELLO, MARQUESS OF (1699-1782)

Pombal, and there he finished a moral See also:

• DIALOGUE

dialogue, Rho See also:

• PICA

pica Pneuma, which met with the See also:

• APPLAUSE (Lat. applaudere, to strike upon, clap)

applause of the learned Juan Luis See also:

• VIVES, JUAN LUIS (1492-1540)

Vives . On his return to Lisbon in 1532 the king appointed Barros See also:

• FACTOR (from Lat. facere, to make or do)

factor of the India and See also:

• MINA, FRANCISCO ESPOZ Y (1781-1836)

Mina House—positions of great responsibility and importance at a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time when Lisbon was the See also:

• EUROPEAN

European See also:

• EMPORIUM (a Latin adaptation of the Gr. Eµabpuov, from f)

emporium for the See also:

• TRADE (O. Eng. trod, footstep, from tredan, to tread; in M. Eng. the forms teed, trod and trade appear, the last in the sense of a beaten track)
• TRADE, BOARD OF

trade of the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

East . Barros proved a See also:

• GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good See also:

• ADMINISTRATOR

administrator, displaying great See also:

• INDUSTRY (Lat. industria, from indu-, a form of the pre, position in, and either stare, to stand, or struere, to pile up)

industry and a disinterestedness rare in that age, with the result that he made but little See also:

• MONEY

money where his predecessors had amassed fortunes . At this time, John III., wishful to attract settlers to See also:

• BRAZIL
• BRAZIL, or BRASIL

Brazil, divided it up into captaincies and gave that of See also:

• MARANHAO, or MARANHAM (Span. Maranon, the name given to the upper Amazon)

Maranhao to Barros, who, associating two partners in the enterprise with himself, prepared an See also:

• ARMADA, THE

armada of ten vessels, carrying nine See also:

• HUNDRED

hundred men, which set See also:

• SAIL

sail in 1539 . Owing to the See also:

• IGNORANCE (Lat. ignorantia, from ignorare, not to know); want of knowledge, a state of mind which in law has important consequences. A well-known legal maxim runs: ignorantia juris non excusat ("ignorance of the law does not excuse")

ignorance of the pilots, the whole See also:

• FLEET

fleet suffered shipwreck, which entailed serious See also:

• FINANCIAL

financial loss on Barros, yet not content with See also:

• MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)

meeting his own obligations, he paid the debts of those who had perished in the expedition . During all these busy years he had continued his studies in his leisure See also:

• HOURS, CANONICAL

hours, and shortly after the Brazilian disaster he offered to write a history of the Portuguese in India, which the king accepted . He began See also:

• WORK

work forthwith, but, before See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing the first See also:

• PART

part, he again proved his See also:

• PEN (Lat. penna, a feather, pen)

pen by, See also:

• PUBLISHING

publishing a Portuguese See also:

• GRAMMAR (from Lat. grammatica, sc. ars; Gr. ypaµ)

grammar (1J40) and some more moral Dialogues . The first of the Decades of his See also:

• ASIA

Asia appeared in 1552, and its reception was such that the king straightway charged Barros to write a chronicle of King Manoel . His many occupations, however, prevented him from undertaking this See also:

• BOOK

book, which was finally composed by Damiao de Goes (q.v.) .

The Second See also:

• DECADE (from Gr. Oka, ten)

Decade came out in 1553 and the Third in 1563, but the See also:

• FOURTH

Fourth and final one was not published until 1615, See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long after the author's See also:

• DEATH

death . In See also:

• JANUARY

January 1568 Barros retired from his remunerative See also:

• APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment at the India House, receiving the See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank of fidalgo together with a See also:

• PENSION (Lat. pensio, a payment, from pendere, to weigh, to pay)

pension and other pecuniary emoluments from King See also:

• SEBASTIAN
• SEBASTIAN, ST

Sebastian, and died on the loth of See also:

• OCTOBER

October 1570 . A See also:

• MAN
• MAN, ISLE OF (anc. Mona)

man of lofty See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character, he preferred leaving his See also:

• CHILDREN, LAW RELATING TO

children an example of good morals and learning to bequeathing them a large pecuniary See also:

• INHERITANCE

inheritance, and, though he received many royal benefactions, they were volunteered, never asked for . As an historian and a stylist Barros deserves the high fame he has always enjoyed . His Decades contain the early history of the Portuguese in Asia and reveal careful study of Eastern historians and geographers, as well as of the records of his own country . They are distinguished by clearness of exposition and orderly arrangement . His See also:

• STYLE
• STYLE (from Gr. a-6'1ms, a column; a different word from that used in literature, see below)

style has all the simplicity and grandeur of the masters of See also:

• HISTORICAL

historical writing, and the purity of his diction is incontestable . Though, on the whole, impartial, Barros is the narrator and apologist of the great deeds of his countrymen, and lacks the See also:

• CRITICAL (in alphabetical order of authors)

critical spirit and intellectual acumen of Damiao de Goes . Diogo do Couto continued the Decades, adding nine more, and a See also:

• MODERN

modern edition of the whole appeared in Lisbon in 14 vols. in '1778-1788 . The See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title of Barros's work is Da Asia de Joao de Barros, dos feitos que os Portuguezes fizeram no, descubrimento e439 conquista dos mares e terras do See also:

• ORIENTE, OR LA REGION ORIENTALE

Oriente, and the edition is accompanied by a See also:

• VOLUME

volume containing a See also:

• LIFE

life of Barros by the historian Manoel Severim de Faria and a copious See also:

• INDEX

index of all the Decades . An See also:

• ITALIAN

Italian version in 2 vols. appeared in See also:

• VENICE
• VENICE (continued)
• VENICE (Venezia)

Venice in 1561-1562 and a See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German in 5 vols. in 1821 . Clarimundo has gone through the following See also:

• EDITIONS

editions: 1522, 1555, 16or, 1742, 1791 and 1843, all published in Lisbon .

It influenced Francisco de See also:

• MORAES, FRANCISCO DE (c. 1500-1572)

Moraes (q.v.); cf . See also:

• PURSER

Purser, Palmerin of See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England, See also:

• DUBLIN

Dublin, 1904, pp . 440 et seq . The See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

minor See also:

• WORKS

works of Barros are described by Innocencio da See also:

• SILVA, ANTONIO JOSE DA (1705–1739)

Silva: Diccionario Bibliographico Portuguez, vol. iii. pp . 320-323 and vol. x. pp . 187-189, and in Severim de Faria's Life, cited above . A compilation of Barros's See also:

• VARIA (mod. Vicovaro)

Varia was published by the visconde de Azevedo (See also:

• PORTO

Porto, 1869) . (E .