HEINRICH See also:

• BARTH
• HEINRICH BARTH (1821–1865)
• BARTH, KASPAR VON (1587-1658)

BARTH (1821–1865)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German explorer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg on the 16th of See also:

• FEBRUARY

February 1821, and educated at See also:

• BERLIN
• BERLIN, CONGRESS AND TREATY OF
• BERLIN, ISAIAH (1725–1799)

Berlin University, where he graduated in 1844 . He had already visited See also:

• ITALY
• ITALY (Italia)

Italy and See also:

• SICILY (Ital. Sicilia)

Sicily and had formed a See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan to See also:

• JOURNEY (through O. Fr. jornee or journee, mod. Fr. journee, from med. Lat. diurnata, Lat. diurnus, of or belonging to dies, day)

journey throughthe Mediterranean countries . After studying Arabic in See also:

• LONDON

London he set out on his travels in 1845 . From See also:

• TANGIER (locally TANJAH)

Tangier he made his way overland throughout the length of See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

North See also:

• AFRICA
• AFRICA, ROMAN

Africa, visiting the sites of the See also:

• ANCIENT
• ANCIENT (also spelt ANTIENT; derived, through the Fr. ancien, old, from the late Lat. antianum, from ante, before)

ancient cities of See also:

• BARBARY

Barbary and See also:

• CYRENAICA

Cyrenaica . He also travelled through See also:

• EGYPT

Egypt, ascending the See also:

• NILE
• NILE, BATTLE OF THE
• NILE, SOBAT

Nile to See also:

• WADI

Wadi See also:

• HAIFA

Haifa and See also:

• CROSSING

crossing the See also:

• DESERT

desert to See also:

• BERENICE
• BERENICE, or BERNICE

Berenice . While in Egypt he was attacked and wounded by robbers . Crossing the See also:

• SINAI

Sinai ' See also:

• PENINSULA
• PENINSULA (Lat. paeninsula, from paene, almost, and insula, an island)

peninsula he traversed See also:

• PALESTINE

Palestine, See also:

• SYRIA

Syria, See also:

• ASIA

Asia See also:

• MINOR
• MINOR (Lat. for smaller, lesser)
• MINOR, ROBERT CRANNELL (1839-1904)

Minor, See also:

• TURKEY

Turkey and See also:

• GREECE

Greece, everywhere examining the remains cf antiquity; and returned to Berlin in 1847 . For a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

time he was engaged there as Privatdocent, and in preparing for publication the narrative of his Wanderungen durch See also:

• DIE
• DIE (Fr. de, from Lat. datum, given)

die Kiistenlander See also:

• DES

des Mitlelmeeres, which appeared in 1849 . At the instance of See also:

• BUNSEN, CHRISTIAN CHARLES JOSIAS, BARON VON (1791-186o,)
• BUNSEN, ROBERT WILHELM VON (1811-1899)

Bunsen and other scientists, See also:

• BARTH
• BARTH, HEINRICH (1821–1865)
• BARTH, KASPAR VON (1587-1658)

Barth and Adolf Overweg, a Prussian astronomer, were appointed colleagues of See also:

• JAMES
• JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
• JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
• JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
• JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
• JAMES, EPISTLE OF
• JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
• JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
• JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
• JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
• JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)

James See also:

• RICHARDSON, GEORGE
• RICHARDSON, HENRY HOBSON (1838-1886)
• RICHARDSON, SAMUEL (1689-1761)
• RICHARDSON, SIR JOHN (1787-1865)

Richardson, an explorer of the See also:

• SAHARA

Sahara who had been selected by the See also:

• BRITISH

British See also:

• GOVERNMENT
• GOVERNMENT (0. Fr. governement, mod. gouvernement, O. Fr. governer, mod. gouverner, from Lat. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, rule; cf. Gr. xv(3epvav)

government to open up commercial relations with the states of the central and western See also:

• SUDAN (Arabic Bilad-es-Sudan, country of the blacks)

Sudan . The party See also:

• LEFT

left See also:

• TRIPOLI
• TRIPOLI (Tarabulus el-Gharb, i.e. Tripoli of the West)
• TRIPOLI, or TARABULUS (anc. Tripolis)

Tripoli "See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early in 185o, but the deaths of Richardson (See also:

• MARCH
• MARCH (1) (from Fr. marcher, to walk; the earliest sense in French appears to be " to trample," and the origin has usually been found in the Lat. marcus, hammer; Low Lat. marcare, to hammer; hence to beat the road with the regular tread of a soldier: cf.
• MARCH, AUZIAS (c. "1395-1458)
• MARCH, EARLS OF
• MARCH, FRANCIS ANDREW (1825– )

March 1851) and Overweg (See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1852) left Barth to carry on the See also:

• MISSION

mission alone . He returned to See also:

• EUROPE

Europe in September 18,55, after one' of the most fruitful expeditions ever undertaken in inner Africa . In addition to journeys across the Sahara, Barth traversed the See also:

• COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country from See also:

• LAKE
• LAKE, GERARD LAKE, 1ST VISCOUNT (1744-1808)

Lake See also:

• CHAD
• CHAD [CEADDA], SAINT (d. 672)

Chad and See also:

• BAGIRMI

Bagirmi on the See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• TIMBUKTU (French spelling Tombouctou)

Timbuktu on the See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west and Cameroon on the See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, making prolonged sojourns in the ancient sultanates or emirates of See also:

• BORNE, KARL LUDWIG (1786–1837)

Borne, See also:

• KANO

Kano, See also:

• NUPE

Nupe, See also:

• SOKOTO

Sokoto and See also:

• GANDO

Gando and at Timbuktu .

He studied minutely the See also:

• TOPOGRAPHY
• TOPOGRAPHY (Gr. Toros, place, -partied', to write)

topography, See also:

• HISTORY

history, civilizations and resources of the countries he visited . The See also:

• STORY, JOHN (c. 1510-1571)
• STORY, JOSEPH (1779-1845)
• STORY, ROBERT HERBERT (1835-1907)
• STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE (1819—1895)

story of his travels was published simultaneously in See also:

• ENGLISH

English and' German, under the See also:

• TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title Travels and Discoveries in North and Central, Africa (1857-1858, 5 vols.) . For accuracy, See also:

• INTEREST

interest, variety and extent of See also:

• INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information Barth's Travels have few rivals among See also:

• WORKS

works of the See also:

• KIND (O. E. ge-cynde, from the same root as is seen in " kin," supra)

kind . It is a See also:

• BOOK

book that will always See also:

• RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank as a See also:

• STANDARD
• STANDARD, BATTLE OF THE

standard authority on the regions in question, of which a See also:

• GREAT

great See also:

• PART

part, under the name of See also:

• NIGERIA

Nigeria, has since come under British See also:

• RULE

rule . Except a C.B., Barth himself received no recognition of his services from the British government . He returned to See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany, where he prepared a collection of Central See also:

• AFRICAN

African vocabularies (See also:

• GOTHA

Gotha, 1862-1866) . In 1858 he' undertook another journey in Asia Minor, and in 1862 visited Turkey in Europe . In the following See also:

• YEAR

year he was appointed See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of See also:

• GEOGRAPHY (Gr. yil, earth, and ypiickty, to write)

geography at Berlin University and See also:

• PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

• GEOGRAPHICAL

Geographical Society . He died at Berlin on the 25th of See also:

• NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1865 . See See also:

• SCHUBERT, FRANZ PETER (1797-1828)

Schubert's Heinrich Barth, der Bahnbrecher der deutschen Afrikaforschung (Berlin, 1897) . An edition of the Travels in two volumes was published in London in 1890 (See also:

• MINERVA

Minerva Library of Famous Books) .