JOHANN BERNHARD See also:

• JOHANN BERNHARD BASEDOW (1723-1790)

BASEDOW (1723-1790)  , See also:

• GERMAN
• GERMAN, DUTCH AND SCANDINAVIAN

German educational reformer, was See also:

• BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born at See also:

• HAMBURG

Hamburg on the 1th of See also:

• SEPTEMBER (Lat. septem, seven)

September 1723, the son of a hairdresser . He was educated at the Johanneum in that See also:

• TOWN

town, where he came under the See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence of the rationalist H . S . See also:

• REIMARUS, HERMANN SAMUEL (1694-1768)

Reimarus (1694-1768), author of the famous Wolfenbiilteler Fragmente, published by Leasing . In territory See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north of the See also:

• RHINE (Lat. Rhenus, Ger. Rhein, Fr. Rhin, Dutch Rhyn, or Rijn)

Rhine . It is traversed by, the See also:

• CHAIN (through the O. Fr. citable, chcene, &c., from Lat. catena)

chain of the 1744 he went to See also:

• LEIPZIG

Leipzig as a student of See also:

• THEOLOGY

theology, but gave him- self up entirely to the study of See also:

• PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy . This at first induced sceptical notions; a more profound examination of the sacred writings, and of all that relates to them, brought him back to the See also:

• CHRISTIAN
• CHRISTIAN, WILLIAM (1608-1663)

Christian faith, but, in his retirement, he formed his belief after his own ideas, and it was far from orthodox . He returned to Hamburg, and between 1749 and 1753 was private See also:

• TUTOR (Lat. tutor, guardian, tueri, to watch over, protect)

tutor in a nobleman's See also:

• FAMILY

family in See also:

• HOLSTEIN
• HOLSTEIN, FRIEDRICH VON (1837–1909)

Holstein . See also:

• BASEDOW, JOHANN BERNHARD (1723-1790)

Basedow now began to exhibit his really remarkable See also:

• POWERS, HIRAM (1805-1873)

powers as an educator of the See also:

• YOUNG
• YOUNG, A
• YOUNG, ARTHUR (1741-1820)
• YOUNG, BRIGHAM (1801-1877)
• YOUNG, CHARLES MAYNE (1777–1856)
• YOUNG, EDWARD (1683–1765)
• YOUNG, JAMES (1811-1883)
• YOUNG, THOMAS (1773-1829)

young, and acquired so much distinction that, in 1753, he was chosen See also:

• PROFESSOR (the Latin noun formed from the verb profiteri, to declare publicly, to acknowledge, profess)

professor of moral philosophy and belles-lettres in the See also:

• ACADEMY, GREEK
• ACADEMY, ROYAL

academy of Sorb in See also:

• DENMARK
• DENMARK (Danmark)

Denmark . On See also:

• ACCOUNT
• ACCOUNT (through O. Fr. acont, Late Lat. comptum, cornputare, to calculate)

account of his theological opinions he was in 1761 removed from this See also:

• POST

post and transferred to See also:

• ALTONA

Altona, where some of his published See also:

• WORKS

works brought him into See also:

• GREAT

great disfavour with the orthodox See also:

• CLERGY (M.E. clergie, O. Fr. clergie, from Low Lat. form clericia [Skean, by assimilation with O. Fr. clergie, Fr. clerge,from Low Lat. clericatus)
• CLERGY, BENEFIT OF

clergy . He was forbidden to give further instruction, but did not lose his See also:

• SALARY

salary; and, towards the end of 1767, he abandoned theology to devote himself with the same ardour to See also:

• EDUCATION

education, of which he conceived the project of a See also:

• GENERAL
• GENERAL (Lat. generalis, of or relating to a genus, kind or class)

general reform in See also:

• GERMANY
• GERMANY (Ger. Deutschland)

Germany . In x768 appeared his Vorstellung an 1lfenschenfreunde See also:

• FUR (connected with O. Fr. forre, a sheath or case; so " an outer covering ")

fur Schulen, nebst dem See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

Plan eines Elementarbuches der menschlichen Erkenntnisse, which was strongly influenced by See also:

• ROUSSEAU, JACQUES (1633-1693)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN BAPTISTE (1671-1741)
• ROUSSEAU, JEAN JACQUES (1712-1778)
• ROUSSEAU, PIERRE ETIENNE THEODORE (1812–1867); French painter of the Barbizon school, was born in Paris on the 15th of April 1812, of a bourgeois family which included one or two artists. At first he received a business training, but soon displayed aptitu

Rousseau's Emile .

He proposed the reform of See also:

• SCHOOLS

schools and of the See also:

• COMMON

common methods of instruction, and the See also:

• ESTABLISHMENT (0. Fr. establissement, Fr. etablissement, late Norm. Fr. establishement, from O. Fr. establir, Fr. etablir, Lat. stabilire, to make stable)

establishment of an See also:

• INSTITUTE (from Lat. instituere, to establish or set up)

institute for qualifying teachers,—soliciting subscriptions for the See also:

• PRINTING (from Lat. imprimere, O. Fr. empreindre)

printing of his Elementarwerk, where his principles were to be explained at length, and illustrated by plates . The subscriptions for this See also:

• OBJECT

object amounted to 15,000 Talers (£2250), and in 1774 he was able. to publish the See also:

• WORK

work in four volumes . It contains a See also:

• COMPLETE

complete See also:

• SYSTEM

system of See also:

• PRIMARY

primary education, intended to develop the intelligence of the pupils and to bring them, so far as possible, into contact with realities, not with See also:

• MERE
• MERE, ADALBERT (1838-1909)

mere words . The work was received with great favour, and Basedow obtained means to establish an institute for education at See also:

• DESSAU

Dessau, and to apply his principles in training disciples, who might spread them over all Germany . The name of Philanthropin which he gave to the institution appeared to him the most expressive of his views; and he engaged in the new project with all his accustomed ardour . But he had few scholars, and the success by no means answered his hopes . Nevertheless, so well had his ideas been received that similar institutions sprang up all over the See also:

• LAND

land, and the most prominent writers and thinkers openly advocated the plan . Basedow, unfortunately, was little calculated by nature or See also:

• HABIT (through the French from Lat. habitus, from habere, to have, hold, or, in a reflective sense, to be in a certain condition; in many of the English senses the French use habitude, not habit)

habit to succeed in an employment which required the greatest regularity, See also:

• PATIENCE

patience and See also:

• ATTENTION (from Lat. ad-tendo, await, expect; the condition of being " stretched " or " tense ")

attention; his See also:

• TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper was intractable, and his management was one See also:

• LONG, GEORGE (1800-1879)
• LONG, JOHN DAVIS (1838– )

long See also:

• QUARREL

quarrel with his colleagues . He resigned his directorship of the institution in 1778, and it was finally closed in 1793 . Basedow died at See also:

• MAGDEBURG

Magdeburg on the 25th of See also:

• JULY

July 1790 . See H . Rathmann, Beitrage zur Lebensgeschichte Basedows (Magdeburg, 1791); J .

C . See also:

• MEYER, CHRISTIAN ERICH HERMANN VON (18or-1869)
• MEYER, HEINRICH AUGUST WILHELM (1800-1873)
• MEYER, JULIUS LOTHAR (183o-1895)
• MEYER, KONRAD FERDINAND (1825-1898)
• MEYER, VICTOR (1848-1897)
• MEYER, [MARIE] PAUL HYACINTHE (184o- )

Meyer, Leben, Charakter and Schriften Basedows (2 vols., Hamburg, 1791—1792) ; G . P . R . See also:

• HAHN, AUGUST (1792–1863)

Hahn, Basedow and sein Verhaltnis zu Rousseau (Leipzig, 1885) ; A . Pinloche, Basedow et le philanthropinisme (See also:

• PARIS
• PARIS (also called ALEXANDROS)
• PARIS, ALEXIS PAULIN (1800-x881)
• PARIS, BRUNO PAULIN GASTON (1839-1903)
• PARIS, FRANCOIS DE (169o-1727)
• PARIS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ALBERT
• PARIS, TREATIES OF (1814-1815)

Paris, 1890) ; C . Gossgen, Rousseau and Basedow (1891) .