See also:

• BATALHA (i.e. battle)

BATALHA (i.e. See also:

• BATTLE

battle)  , a See also:

• TOWN

town of See also:

• PORTUGAL

Portugal, in the See also:

• DISTRICT

district of See also:

• LEIRIA

Leiria, formerly included in the See also:

• PROVINCE
• PROVINCE (Lat. provincia; perhaps a contraction of providentia)

province of See also:

• ESTREMADURA, or EXTREMADURA

Estremadura; 8 M . S. of Leiria . Pop . (1900) 3858 . See also:

• BATALHA (i.e. battle)

Batalha, which occupies the site of the See also:

• MEDIEVAL

medieval Canoeira, is chiefly interesting for its See also:

• GREAT

great Dominican monastery of See also:

• SANTA

Santa Maria da See also:

• VICTORIA
• VICTORIA (or VITTORIA), TOMMASSO LUDOVICO DA (C. I540-C. 1613)
• VICTORIA [ALEXANDRINA VICTORIA]

Victoria (" St See also:

• MARY
• MARY (1457-1482)
• MARY (1496-1533)
• MARY, QUEEN OF SCOTS

Mary of the Victory "), also known as Batalha . Both town and monastery owe their names to the See also:

• BATTLE

battle fought on the See also:

• PLAIN (O. Fr. plain, from Lat. plenum)

plain between Canoeira and Aljubarrota, 9 m . S.W., in which See also:

• JOHN
• JOHN (1167–1216)
• JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
• JOHN (1296-1346)
• JOHN (1371–1419)
• JOHN (1468-1532)
• JOHN (1801-1873)
• JOHN (Heb. llni')
• JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
• JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
• JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
• JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
• JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
• JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
• JOHN, THE APOSTLE
• JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF

John I. of Portugal defeated John I. of See also:

• CASTILE, or CASTILLE (Castilla)

Castile in 1385 and secured the See also:

• INDEPENDENCE
• INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF
• INDEPENDENCE, WAR OF

independence of his See also:

• KINGDOM

kingdom . The monastery is built of See also:

• GOLDEN

golden-See also:

• BROWN
• BROWN, CHARLES BROCKDEN (1771-181o)
• BROWN, FORD MADOX (1821-1893)
• BROWN, FRANCIS (1849- )
• BROWN, GEORGE (1818-188o)
• BROWN, HENRY KIRKE (1814-1886)
• BROWN, JACOB (1775–1828)
• BROWN, JOHN (1715–1766)
• BROWN, JOHN (1722-1787)
• BROWN, JOHN (1735–1788)
• BROWN, JOHN (1784–1858)
• BROWN, JOHN (1800-1859)
• BROWN, JOHN (1810—1882)
• BROWN, JOHN GEORGE (1831— )
• BROWN, ROBERT (1773-1858)
• BROWN, SAMUEL MORISON (1817—1856)
• BROWN, SIR GEORGE (1790-1865)
• BROWN, SIR JOHN (1816-1896)
• BROWN, SIR WILLIAM, BART
• BROWN, THOMAS (1663-1704)
• BROWN, THOMAS (1778-1820)
• BROWN, THOMAS EDWARD (1830-1897)
• BROWN, WILLIAM LAURENCE (1755–1830)

brown See also:

• LIME
• LIME (O. Eng. lim, Lat. limes, mud, from linere, to smear)

lime-See also:

• STONE
• STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
• STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
• STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
• STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
• STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
• STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
• STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
• STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)

stone, resembling See also:

• MARBLE (from Lat. marmor, Gr. pApµapos, shining stone)

marble, and richly sculptured . In See also:

• SIZE

size and beauty it excels all the other buildings of Portugal in which See also:

• GOTHIC

Gothic and Moorish See also:

• ARCHITECTURE (Lat. architectura, from the Gr. ap)(LTEKrwv, a master-builder)

architecture are combined . Its ground-See also:

• PLAN
• PLAN (from Lat. planes, flat)

plan may be roughly described as a parallelogram, measuring about 500 ft. from See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

north to See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

south, and 445 from See also:

• EAST
• EAST, ALFRED (1849- )

east to See also:

• WEST
• WEST, BENJAMIN (1738-1820)
• WEST, NICHOLAS (1461-1533)

west; with the circular annexe of the royal See also:

• MAUSOLEUM

mausoleum on the east, and the Founder's See also:

• CHAPEL

chapel at the south-western corner . In the centre is the royal See also:

• CLOISTER (Lat. claustrum; Fr. cloitre; Ital. chiostro; Span. claustro; Ger. Kloster)

cloister, which is flanked by the See also:

• REFECTORY (med. Lat. refectorium, from reficere, to refresh)

refectory, now a museum, on the west; and by the See also:

• CHAPTER (a shortened form of chapiter, a word still used in architecture for a capital; derived from O. Fr. chapitre, Lat. capitellum, diminutive of caput, head)

chapter-See also:

• HOUSE
• HOUSE (O. Eng. hiss, a word common to Teutonic languages, cf. Dut. huis, Ger. Haus; in Gothic it is only found in gudhiss, a temple; it may be ultimately connected with the root of " hide," conceal)

house, on the east . Two smaller cloisters, named respectively after See also:

• ALPHONSE, COUNT OF TOULOUSE AND OF POITIERS (I220-1271)

Alphonse V. and John III., See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

form the See also:

• NORTHERN

northern See also:

• DIVISION (from Lat. dividere, to break up into parts, separate)

division of the parallelogram; its See also:

• SOUTHERN

southern division is the Gothic See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church .

The Founder's chapel contains the See also:

• TOMB (Gr. Tuµ/3a, Tuµ(3os, probably allied to Lat. tumulus, literally a swelling, tumere, to swell)

tomb of John I . (d . 1433) and Philippa of See also:

• LANCASTER
• LANCASTER, HOUSE OF
• LANCASTER, JOHN OF GAUNT
• LANCASTER, JOSEPH (1778-1838)
• LANCASTER, SIR JAMES (f1. 1591—1618)
• LANCASTER, THOMAS, EARL OF (c. 1277-1322)

Lancaster (d . 5416), his See also:

• QUEEN
• QUEEN (O.E. cwen, wife, related to "quean," O.E. cwene, a hussy; cf. Gr. yvvi7: from root gan-, to produce; cf. genus, " kin," &c.)

queen, with the tomb of See also:

• PRINCE
• PRINCE (Lat. princeps, from primus capio, " I am the first to take "; Ital. principe, Fr. prince)

Prince See also:

• HENRY
• HENRY (1129-1195)
• HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
• HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
• HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
• HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
• HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
• HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
• HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
• HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
• HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
• HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
• HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
• HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)

Henry the Navigator (d . -1460) . Like the royal mausoleum, where several later monarchs are buried, it is remarkable for the intricacy and exquisite finish of its carved stonework . The monastery was probably founded in 1388 . Plans and masons were procured from See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England by Queen Philippa, and the See also:

• WORK

work was entrusted to A . Domingues, a native architect, and See also:

• HUET, PIERRE DANIEL (1630-1721)

Huet or Houguet, an Irishman . Only the royal cloister, church and Founder's chapel were included in the See also:

• ORIGINAL

original See also:

• DESIGN (Fr. desiin, drawing; Lat. designare, to mark out)

design; and all three show signs of See also:

• ENGLISH

English See also:

• INFLUENCE (Late Lat. influentia, from influere, to flow in)

influence . Various additions were made up to 1551, beginning with the royal mausoleum and ending with the cloister of John III . Considerable damage was inflicted by the See also:

• EARTHQUAKE

earthquake of 1755; and in 1810 the monastery was sacked by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French .

It was secularized in 1834 and declared a See also:

• NATIONAL

national See also:

• MONUMENT (Lat. monumentum or monumentum; from monere, to advise, bring to mind, remind; the German equivalent is Denkmal)

monument in 184o . Thenceforward it was gradually restored .