See also:

• BATTLE

BATTLE See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

ABBEY See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

ROLL  . This is popularly supposed to have been a See also:

• LIST (O.E. lisle, a Teutonic word, cf. Dut. lust, Ger. Leiste, adapted in Ital. lista and Fr. lisle)
• LIST, FRIEDRICH (1789-1846)

list of See also:

• WILLIAM
• WILLIAM (1143-1214)
• WILLIAM (1227-1256)
• WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
• WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
• WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
• WILLIAM, 13TH

William the Conqueror's companions preserved at See also:

• BATTLE

Battle See also:

• ABBEY (Lat. abbatia; from Syr. abba, father)
• ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN (1852– )

Abbey, on the site of his See also:

• GREAT

great victory over Harold: It is known to us only from 16th See also:

• CENTURY (from Lat. centuria, a division of a hundred men)

century versions of it published by See also:

• LELAND (LEYLAND Or LAYLONDE), JOHN (c. 1506-1552)
• LELAND, CHARLES GODFREY (1824-1903)
• LELAND, JOHN (1691–1766)

Leland, See also:

• HOLINSHED (or HOLLINGSIIEAD), RAPHAEL (d. c. 158o)

Holinshed and See also:

• DUCHESNE, LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER (1843– )

Duchesne, all more or less imperfect and corrupt . Holinshed's is much the fullest, but of its 629 names several are duplicates . The versions of Leland and Duchesne, though much shorter, each contain many names found in neither of the other lists . It was so obvious that several of the names had no right to figure on the See also:

• ROLL (O. Fr. rolle, roulle, mod. role, Lat. rotulus, dim. of rota, wheel)
• ROLL, ALFRED PHILIPPE (1846– )

roll, that See also:

• CAMDEN
• CAMDEN, CHARLES PRATT, 1ST EARL (1714-1794)
• CAMDEN, JOHN JEFFREYS PRATT, 2ND EARL
• CAMDEN, WILLIAM (1551-1623)

Camden, as did See also:

• DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM (16o5-1686)

Dugdale after him, held them to have been interpolated at various times by the monks, "not without their own See also:

• ADVANTAGE

advantage." See also:

• MODERN

Modern writers have gone further, See also:

• SIR

Sir See also:

• EGERTON, SIR PHILIP DE MALPAS GREY

Egerton See also:

• BRYDGES, SIR SAMUEL EGERTON (1762-1837)

Brydges denouncing the roll as "a disgusting See also:

• FORGERY (derived through the French from Latin fabricare, to construct)

forgery," and E . A . See also:

• FREEMAN
• FREEMAN, EDWARD AUGUSTUS (1823-1892)

Freeman dismissing it as " a transparent fiction." An See also:

• ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to vindicate the roll was made by the last duchess of See also:

• CLEVELAND
• CLEVELAND (or CLEIVELAND), JOHN (1613—1658)
• CLEVELAND, BARBARA VILLIERS, DUCHESS OF (1641-1709)
• CLEVELAND, STEPHEN GROVER (1837-1908)

Cleveland, whose Battle Abbey Roll (3 vols., 1889) is the best See also:

• GUIDE (in Mid. Eng. gyde, from the Fr. guide; the earlier French form was guie, English " guy," the d was due to the Italian form guida; the ultimate origin is probably Teutonic, the word being connected with the base seen in O. Eng. witan, to know)

guide to its contents . It is probable that the See also:

• CHARACTER (Gr. xapareri7p, from xap&crew, to scratch)

character of the roll has been quite misunderstood . It is not a list of individuals, but only of See also:

• FAMILY

family surnames, and it seems to have been intended to show which families had "come over with the Conqueror," and to have been compiled about the 14th century . The compiler appears to have been influenced by the See also:

• FRENCH
• FRENCH, DANIEL CHESTER (1850– )
• FRENCH, NICHOLAS (1604-1678)

French See also:

• SOUND
• SOUND, THE (Danish Oresund)

sound of names, and to have included many families of later See also:

• SETTLEMENT
• SETTLEMENT, ACT OF

settlement, such as that of See also:

• GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

Grandson, which did not come to See also:

• ENGLAND
• ENGLAND, THE CHURCH OF

England from See also:

• SAVOY, HOUSE
• SAVOY, HOUSE OF

Savoy till two centuries after the See also:

• CONQUEST

Conquest . The roll itself appears to be unheard-of before and after the 16th century, but other lists were current at least as See also:

• EARLY
• EARLY, JUBAL ANDERSON (1816-1894)

early as the 15th century, as the duchess of Cleveland has shown . In 1866 a list of the Conqueror's followers, compiled from Domesday and other See also:

• AUTHENTIC (from Gr. aOO 'rns, one who does a thing himself)

authentic records, was set up in Dives See also:

• CHURCH
• CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
• CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
• CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
• CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
• CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)

church by M .

See also:

• LEOPOLD (M.H. Ger. Liupolt; O.H. Ger. Liupald, from hut, Mod. Ger. Leute, " people," and paid, " bold," i.e. " bold for the people ")

Leopold See also:

• DELISLE, JOSEPH NICOLAS (1688-1768)
• DELISLE, L OPOLD VICTOR (1826– )

Delisle, and is printed in the duchess' See also:

• WORK

work . Its contents are naturally sufficient to show that the Battle Roll is worthless . See Leland, Collectanea; Holinshed, See also:

• CHRONICLES, BOOKS OF

Chronicles of England; Duchesne, Historic Norm . Scriptores; Brydges, Censura Literaria; See also:

• THIERRY

Thierry, Conquete de l'Angleterre, vol. ii . (1829); See also:

• BURKE
• BURKE, ROBERT
• BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD (1814–1892)
• BURKE, WILLIAM (1792–1829)

Burke, The Roll of Battle Abbey (annotated, 1848) ; See also:

• PLANCHE, JEAN BAPTISTE GUSTAVE (1808–1857)

Planche, The Conqueror and His Companions (1874); duchess of Cleveland, The Battle Abbey Roll (1889) ; See also:

• ROUND (O. Fr. rond, Lat. rotundus, the Fr. is the source also of Du. rond; Ger., Swed., Dan. and Nor. rond)

Round, The Companions of the Conqueror " (Monthly See also:

• REVIEW (Fr. revue, from revoir, to see again, Lat. re and videre)

Review, 1901, iii. pp . 91-11r) . (J . H .